6.6 An albino axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) presented with a traumati...Figure 6.7 Enucleation of the right eye in an Oriental fire‐bellied toad (Bo...Figure 6.8 Exploratory celiotomy in an Argentine horned frog (Ceratophrys or...Figure 6.9 Location of the ovaries (white arrow) in a reproductively active ...Figure 6.10 Gastrotomy in an axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) anesthetized with...Figure 6.11 Gastrotomy in an axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): (a) suture of th...7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 A dorso‐ventral (DV) projection of the entire skeleton of a...Figure 7.2 A CT reconstruction of a juvenile African spurred tortoise (Centr...Figure 7.3 A DV projection of a green iguana (Iguana iguana) showing chronic...Figure 7.4 Full body DV projection of a female African spurred thighed torto...Figure 7.5 Typical motor vehicle trauma to the plastron of a red‐eared slide...Figure 7.6 Examples of commonly available small bone plates. (a) A 2.0/2.7 m...Figure 7.7 Severe fracture of the carapace in a painted turtle (Chrysemys pi...Figure 7.8 Fractured carapace in a red‐eared slider (Trachemys scripta) show...Figure 7.9 A full body DV view of a chelonian (species unknown) showing luxa...Figure 7.10 A lateral radiograph of a red‐tailed Boa (Boa constrictor) showi...Figure 7.11 Intraoperative photograph showing approach to the spine to obtai...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) Skin incision for a prefemoral celiotomy in a chelonian. (b) ...Figure 8.2 (a–d) Computed tomography of a chelonian used for surgical planni...Figure 8.3 A diamond‐edged cutting wheel is used to create the plastron oste...Figure 8.4 (a) An oscillating saw is used to create the plastron osteotomy i...Figure 8.5 A ring retractor can be used to improve exposure of the coelomic ...Figure 8.6 If the plastron osteotomy flap is cut with an inward beveled edge...Figure 8.7 (a, b) Fiberglass and epoxy resin can be used to stabilize the pl...Figure 8.8 Placing tape directly over the edges of the plastron osteotomy si...Figure 8.9 (a–g) A three‐year‐old female leopard tortoise (Stigmochelys pard...Figure 8.10 A combination of a prefemoral approach with an adjacent plastron...Figure 8.11 Closure of a prefemoral approach in combination with adjacent pl...Figure 8.12 (a–c) For a snake celiotomy, (a) elevate the second scale from t...Figure 8.13 Closure of snake skin following a celiotomy using a horizontal m...Figure 8.14 The ventral abdominal vein in a lizard runs directly dorsal to t...Figure 8.15 A paramedian celiotomy incision closure following castration in ...Figure 8.16 (a, b) For closure of a celiotomy in a snake or lizard, (a) roll...Figure 8.17 To approach the kidney for biopsy in a lizard, make an incision ...
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 A postmortem image of a boa constrictor demonstrating the three c...Figure 9.2 Dystocia in this Brazilian rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria) was t...Figure 9.3 This python suffered dystocia and an oviduct volvulus around a si...Figure 9.4 This albino Burmese python developed dystocia requiring multiple ...Figure 9.5 Cadaveric image of a sexually immature green iguana undergoing bi...Figure 9.6 Intraoperative images from a sexually mature female green iguana ...Figure 9.7 Removed oviducts full of eggs following salpingectomy in a green ...Figure 9.8 In a young green iguana, it only requires one or two hemostatic c...Figure 9.9 Intraoperative picture of a sexually active male green iguana und...Figure 9.10 An eastern diamondback rattlesnake presenting for unilateral hem...Figure 9.11 Prolapsed oviduct in a California desert tortoise (Gopherus agas...Figure 9.12 This tortoise presented for paraparesis. This radiograph showed ...Figure 9.13 A ventrodorsal (a) and lateral (b) radiograph of a green iguana ...Figure 9.14 Cystic calculus in a California desert tortoise (Gopherus agassi...Figure 9.15 Intraoperative images of a ventral cystotomy in a green iguana w...Figure 9.16 Image of an egg in the urinary bladder of a tortoise (a). Note t...Figure 9.17 A cystic calculus in a green iguana (Iguana iguana) that was mis...Figure 9.18 The ileocecocolic junction in a green iguana (Iguana iguana) dem...Figure 9.19 Intraoperative image of a boa constrictor undergoing gastrotomy ...Figure 9.20 Ventrodorsal radiograph of a green iguana (Iguana iguana) with c...Figure 9.21 Intraoperative image of leopard gecko diagnosed with a small int...Figure 9.22 Radiographs of a green iguana (Iguana iguana) that was housed on...Figure 9.23 This tortoise was diagnosed with colonic impaction. Medical mana...Figure 9.24 Intraoperative image of a green sea turtle with a small intestin...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Figure‐of‐eight bandage application. Coaptation is started by wr...Figure 10.2 Radiographs of an adult bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) , ...Figure 10.3 Curved edge splint application (Ponder and Redig 2016). Select a...Figure 10.4 Tape splint application. Apply two layers of tape on the medial ...Figure 10.5 Lateral radiograph showing a short oblique mid‐tibiotarsal fract...Figure 10.6 Radiographs of a simple transverse distal radius and ulna fractu...Figure 10.7 Radiograph of a long oblique mid‐humeral fracture stabilized wit...Figure 10.8 Various plate types. From top left to right: 6‐hole 2.0 mm dynam...Figure 10.9 Locking and nonlocking screws (a) placed in a 5‐hole LCP that ac...Figure 10.10 Radiographs of a blue‐fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva) show a c...Figure 10.11 A red‐tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) presented with right‐side...Figure 10.12 Craniocaudal (a) and lateral (b) radiographs of a mid‐diaphysea...Figure 10.13 Picture of the components of the IMEX SK ESF system. From top l...Figure 10.14 Lateral radiograph showing a segmental fracture of the mid‐to‐d...Figure 10.15 Picture of a type I (unilateral, uniplanar) ESF (a), type Ib (u...Figure 10.16 Picture of the supplies needed for making an acrylic connecting...Figure 10.17 Acrylx 2‐part resin comes with an applicator, multiuse cartridg...Figure 10.18 Radiographs of adult red‐tailed hawk found down on the road wit...Figure 10.19 Radiographs of an adult red‐shouldered hawk with a complete, se...Figure 10.20 Schematic of various configurations of IM‐ESF. In terms of biom...Figure 10.21 Radiographs of a three‐year‐old Harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinct...Figure 10.22 Photograph of proper IM pin (a) being bent with either a Frazie...Figure 10.23 Bilateral application of external ring fixators to a bald eagle...Figure 10.24 Photographs of corticocancellous bone harvest. Aseptically prep...Figure 10.25 Avulsion fracture of the ventral tubercle (arrow) of the proxim...Figure 10.26 Radiographs of mild caudodorsal elbow luxation (a) and normal c...Figure 10.27 Lateral (a) and cranial/caudal (b) radiographs of a dorsal luxa...Figure 10.28 Radiographs of a craniodorsal right‐sided coxofemoral luxation ...Figure 10.29 Ventrodorsal (a) and lateral (b) radiograph of a toggle pin app...Figure 10.30 CT DICOM images were acquired to make a digital 3‐D rendering (...Figure 10.31 Photographs of a juvenile bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)...Figure 10.32 Pictures of a blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) with mild scis...Figure 10.33 Subadult Scarlet macaw (Ara macao) with mandibular prognathism ...Figure 10.34 Left‐sided traumatic beak injury in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus le...Figure 10.35 Photographs of a right‐sided, minimally contaminated mandibular...Figure 10.36 Photograph of a scarlet macaw (Ara macao) with the upper and lo...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 A chicken prepared for aseptic surgery. Huck towels have been pl...Figure 11.2 The Harrison tip bipolar forceps (a) has a 45°° bend on one...Figure 11.3 To incise avian skin with bipolar forceps, tent the skin with fo...Figure 11.4 A left lateral celiotomy provides exposure to much of the viscer...Figure 11.5 Position for left lateral celiotomy (drawing) (a) and an umbrell...Figure 11.6 When positioned for a lateral celiotomy a fold of skin is create...Figure 11.7 After making the skin incision for a left lateral celiotomy iden...Figure 11.8 Superficial branches of the femoral artery and vein need to be l...Figure 11.9 Make the incision in the body wall beginning at the last rib. Th...Figure 11.10 After incising the body wall with bipolar electrosurgery a self...Figure 11.11 Close with a simple continuous pattern in the intercostal and a...Figure 11.12 A ventral midline celiotomy enters
