Chaouiki Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment ENSA University Ibn Zohr Agadir Morocco
Dheeraj Singh Chauhan Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Modern National Chemicals Second Industrial City Dammam Saudi Arabia
Omar Dagdag Laboratory of Industrial Technologies and Services (LITS) Department of Process Engineering Height School of Technology Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University Fez Morocco
Amit Kumar Dewangan Department of Chemistry Government Digvijay Autonomous Postgraduate College Rajnandgaon Chhattisgarh India
Yeestdev Dewangan Department of Chemistry Government Digvijay Autonomous Postgraduate College Rajnandgaon Chhattisgarh India
Eno E. Ebenso Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Johannesburg South Africa
M. El Gouri Laboratory of Industrial Technologies and Services (LITS) Department of Process Engineering Height School of Technology Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University Fez, Morocco
Lei Guo School of Material and Chemical Engineering Tongren University Tongren People’s Republic of China
Rajesh Haldhar School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan South Korea
A. El Harfi Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofaïl University Kenitra, Morocco
Jiyaul Haque Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
Zhongyi He School of Materials Science and Engineering East China Jiao Tong University Nanchang People’s Republic of China
Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA
Savaş Kaya Health Services Vocational School Department of Pharmacy Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas Turkey
Hassane Lgaz Department of Architectural Engineering Hanyang University‐ERICA Ansan Korea
Han‐Seung Lee Department of Architectural Engineering Hanyang University‐ERICAAnsan Korea
Lukman O. Olasunkanmi Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria
Marziya Rizvi Corrosion Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Duzce University Duzce Turkey
Sheerin Masroor Department of Chemistry A.N. College Patliputra University Patna India
Mohammad Mobin Corrosion Research Laboratory Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
Rachid Salghi Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment ENSA University Ibn Zohr Agadir Morocco
Goncagül Serdaroğlu Faculty of Education Department of Mathematics and Science Education Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas Turkey
Shobha Department of Physics Banasthali Vidyapith Vanasthali Rajasthan India
Sudheer Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM‐Institute of Science and Technology Ghaziabad India
M. A. Quraishi Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
Taiwo W. Quadri Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Material Science Innovation & Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University Mmabatho, South Africa
Chandrabhan Verma Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
Dakeshwar Kumar Verma Department of Chemistry Government Digvijay Autonomous Postgraduate College Rajnandgaon Chhattisgarh India
Xue Yang School of Materials Science and Engineering East China Jiao Tong University Nanchang People’s Republic of China
Saman Zehra Corrosion Research Laboratory Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
Renhui Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering East China Jiao Tong University Nanchang People’s Republic of China
1 An Overview of Corrosion
Marziya Rizvi
Corrosion Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
1 Introduction
1.1 Basics About Corrosion
Corrosion can be scientifically defined in many ways. The term “corrode” is itself obtained from the Latin word “corrodere,” i.e. “to gnaw to pieces.” The National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) has defined it: “Corrosion is a naturally occurring phenomenon commonly defined as the deterioration of a material (usually a metal) that results from a chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment” [1]. International Standard Organization explains “corrosion” technically as the “Physio‐chemical interaction between a metal and its environment which results in changes in the properties of the metal and which may often lead to impairment of the function of the metal, the environment or the technical system of which these forms a part” [2]. The environment is basically all that present surrounding and in contact with the observed metal/material. The primary factors describing the environment are (i) physical state (gas/liquid/solid); (iii) chemical composition (constituents &concentrations); and (c) the temperature. The corroded metal has obtained a thermodynamic stability in changing to oxides, hydroxides, salts, and carbonates. As per law of entropy, metals post fabrication return to their lowest energy, or natural ore form. Naturally metals are found in their element form or as ores. A lot is incorporated to convert iron ore into steel in the steel factories (Figure 1.1).
Figure 1.1 Corrosion cycle of steel.
Corrosion is the just reverse of what is known as extractive metallurgy. That implies that the energy utilized
