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4 Organic and Inorganic Corrosion Inhibitors: A Comparison
Goncagül Serdaroğlu1 and Savaş Kaya2
1 Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
2 Health Services Vocational School, Department of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
4.1 Introduction
Corrosion is one of the important challenges in the contemporary world, especially, after the introduction of technology into our lives following the industrial revolution, though it has been known and some techniques used to prevent it since the ancient Greek period. Furthermore, following the rapid development of informatics, aviation, and aerospace technology for the last 70 years, it is very important to design the materials used according to suitable environmental conditions, as well as to protect the materials used and to extend their durability periods. In the civilizing world, it is not enough to determine the most effective method, condition, or anticorrosion materials in order to prevent or delay corrosion, but also it is getting important that they are less harmful to the environment, with lower toxicity, and can be obtained from renewable resources, instead of existing natural resources. In this context, organic corrosion inhibitor material design has been very promising in many production areas besides the classical inorganic corrosion inhibitors.
Metal corrosion is known as metal erosion because of chemical or mostly electrochemical reactions when a metal comes into contact with surrounding materials. It is also known that the natural corrosion process is generally an electrochemical phenomenon and in this type of corrosion, it is known that the oxidation process is facilitated by the presence of an electron acceptor known as a suitable depolarizer according to the equation M → Mn+ + ne−. In addition, although there are many types of metal corrosion and classification of them [1], the main types of metal corrosion [2] can be given as follows:
1 Uniform (general) corrosion
2 Galvanic (two‐metal) corrosion
3 Thermogalvanic corrosion
4 Crevice corrosion (including deposit corrosion)
5 Pitting corrosion
6 Selective attack, selective leaching (de‐alloying)
7 Intergranular corrosion (including exfoliation)
8 Erosion corrosion
9 Cavitation corrosion
10 Fretting corrosion
11 Stress corrosion cracking
12 Corrosion fatigue
In the contemporary world, considering the environmental and economic damages caused by corrosion, it is very important to determine the source of corrosion and to take measures to prevent or at least slow it down: the main ways to slow down and/or preventing corrosion can be summarized as follows.
1 Metal type
2 Protective coating
3 Environmental measures
4 Sacrificial coatings
5 Corrosion inhibitors
6 Design modification
Among these protecting ways, the material selection and design is the simplest way to control the corrosion but in cases where there are not always many options for material selection and micro design, different methods are known to be applied to prevent or slow down corrosion. However, in the liquid phase and atmosphere, the corrosion inhibitors can be often enforced to improve the heat‐exchange efficiencies to reduce the corrosion. In this case, the electrochemical methods – anodic, cathodic, or both – have provide a wide profit in terms of the economics and saving the natural sources [3]. Material scientists have commonly exploring the usefulness of the alloys in addition to heat treatment regimes and protective coatings to reduce or prevent the corrosion [3].
Besides, the surface treatments, which
