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Notes
1 1 While this text focuses on the extension of traditional technologies, newer technologies may also become important in the intermediate future (these new technologies include among others: multiple access schemes aimed at increasing the spectrum efficiency, user experienced data rate, system capacity, and connection density). Examples of new technologies include Sparse Code Multiple Access, Multiuser Shared Access, Pattern Division Multiple Access, and Resource Spread Multiple Access; new signal waveforms such as filtered OFDM, window‐OFDM, Universal Filtered Multicarrier; novel channel coding such as polar coding and Low‐Density Parity Check coding; and software‐defined air interface also in conjunction with end‐to‐end network slicing [1].
2 2 Some portions of this chapter are based on reference [2].
3 3 These figures refer to the raw PHY speed. The cited 6.97 Gbps figure would need an AP to operate on the 160 MHz channels (e.g. channel 50 or 114); other arrangements (e.g. 80 MHz channel using 8 × 8 MIMO on channels 42, 58, 106, 122, 138, 155, or 171) provide a maximum speed of 3.4 Gbps; however, a more conservative maximum speed is 1.7 Gbps on an 80 MHz channel using 4 × 4 MIMO; observers note that although one can find 4 × 4 Wi‐Fi Network Interface Cards for PCs, a much more realistic maximum PHY speed for devices using batteries and not line power is 866 Mbps for an 80 MHz channel with a 2 ×
