and Structure
Conclusions
Acknowledgments and Disclaimer
References
22 13 Forecast and Uncertainty Analysis of Production Decline Trends with Bootstrap and Monte Carlo Modeling 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Simulated Decline Curves 13.3 Nonlinear Least Squares for Decline Curve Approximation 13.4 New Method of Grid Search for Approximation and Forecast of Decline Curves 13.5 Iterative Minimization of Least Squares with Multiple Approximating Models 13.6 Grid Search Followed by Iterative Minimization with Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm 13.7 Two Methods for Aggregated Forecast and Analysis of Forecast Uncertainty 13.8 Uncertainty Quantile Ranges Obtained Using Monte Carlo and Bootstrap Methods 13.9 Monte Carlo Forecast and Analysis of Forecast Uncertainty 13.10 Block Bootstrap Forecast and Analysis of Forecast Uncertainty 13.11 Comparative Analysis of Results of Monte Carlo and Bootstrap Simulations 13.12 Conclusions References
23 14 Oil and Gas Company Production, Reserves, and Valuation 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Reserves 14.3 Production 14.4 Factors that Impact Company Value 14.5 Summary Statistics 14.6 Market Capitalization 14.7 International Oil Companies 14.8 U.S. Independents 14.9 Private Companies 14.10 National Oil Companies of OPEC 14.11 Government Sponsored Enterprises and Other International Companies 14.12 Conclusions References
24 Part 5: Unconventional Reservoirs
25 15 An Analytical Thermal-Model for Optimization 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Mathematical Model 15.3 Model Comparison 15.4 Sensitivity Analysis 15.5 Model Applications 15.6 Conclusions Nomenclature Acknowledgements References Appendix A: Steady Heat Transfer Solution for Fluid Temperature in Counter-Current Flow Assumptions Governing Equation Boundary Conditions Solution
26 16 Development of an Analytical Model for Predicting the Fluid Temperature Profile in Drilling Gas Hydrates Reservoirs 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Mathematical Model 16.3 Case Study 16.4 Sensitivity Analysis 16.5 Conclusions Acknowledgements Nomenclature References
27 17 Distinguishing Between Brine-Saturated and Gas-Saturated Shaly Formations with a Monte-Carlo Simulation of Seismic Velocities 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Random Models for Seismic Velocities 17.3 Variability of Seismic Velocities Predicted by Random Models 17.4 The Separability of (Vp, Vs) Clusters for Gas- and Brine-Saturated Formations 17.5 Reliability Analysis of Identifying Gas-Filled Formations 17.6 Conclusions References
28 18 Shale Mechanical Properties Influence Factors Overview and Experimental Investigation on Water Content Effects 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Influence Factors 18.3 Experimental Investigation of Water Saturation Effects on Shale’s Mechanical Properties 18.4
