An event or series of events resulting in unintentional death, injury, occupational illness, damage to or loss of equipment or property, or damage to the environment. For the purposes of this Standard, the term “mishap” includes negative environmental impacts from planned events. (MIL‐STD‐882E‐2012)
Mitigation Measure:
Action required to eliminate the hazard or when a hazard cannot be eliminated, reduce the associated risk by lessening the severity of the resulting mishap or lowering the likelihood that a mishap will occur. (MIL‐STD‐882E‐2012)
Monitoring:
Determining the status of a system, a process, or an activity. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)
Objective:
Result to be achieved. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)
Occupational Health and Safety Risk:
Combination of the likelihood of occurrence of a work‐related hazardous event(s) or exposure(s) and the severity of injury and ill health that can be caused by the event(s) or exposure(s). (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)
Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS):
A set of interrelated elements that establish and/or support occupational health and safety policy and objectives, and mechanisms to achieve those objectives in order to continually improve occupational health and safety. (ANSI/ASSP Z10.0‐2019)
Management system of part of a management system used to achieve the OH&S policy. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)
OHSMS Issues:
Hazards, risks, management system deficiencies, and opportunities for improvement. (ANSI/ASSP Z10.0‐2019)
Operational Risk:
Risks that are generated from work‐related operations and hazards. (Authors)
Risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people and systems, or from external events. This definition includes legal risk, but excludes strategic and reputational risk. (Bank for International Settlements)
Arise from people or a failure in processes, systems, or controls, including those involving information technologies. (The Institutes)
Operational Risk Management System:
A management system that encompasses all operational risks such as occupational safety, health, environmental, liability, and other risks that must be managed to achieve and sustain the organization’s business objectives through a continually improve process. (Authors)
Organization:
A public or private company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority, or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, that has its own management functions. This can consist of one or many sites or facilities. (ANSI/ASSP Z10.0‐2019)
Person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities, and relationships to achieve its objectives. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)
Performance:
Measurable result. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)
Preventive Action:
Action taken to reduce the likelihood an underlying system deficiency or hazard will occur or recur in another similar process. (ANSI/ASSP Z10.0‐2019)
Prevention Through Design:
Addressing occupational safety and health needs in the design and redesign process to prevent or minimize the work‐related hazards and risks associated with the construction, manufacture, use, maintenance, retrofitting, and disposal of facilities, processes, materials, and equipment. (ANSI/ASSP Z590.3‐2011(R2016))
Probability:
An estimate of the likelihood of an incident or exposure occurring that could result in harm or damage for a selected unit of time, events, population, items, or activity being considered. (ANSI/ASSP Z590.3‐2011(R2016))
Measure of the chance of occurrence expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 is impossibility and 1 is absolute certainty. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 31010‐2019)
An expression of the likelihood of occurrence of a mishap. (MIL‐STD‐882E‐2012)
“Probability” is an expression of chances or odds and is pure number with no units usually expressed in a variety of ways such as 1 chance in 100 or 1% of the occurrences or 0.01 or even 1E‐02. The first of these expressions is recommended as the best, most easily interpreted way to describe a probability. (Whiting 2013)
Process:
A series of progressive and interrelated steps by which an end is attained; continuous action, operation, or a series of changes taking place in a definite manner; the action of going forward. (ANSI/ASSP Z590.3‐2011(R2016))
Set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)
Procedure:
Specified way to carry out an activity or a process. (ANSI/ASSP/ISO 45001‐2018)
Protective Measure (Risk Reduction Measure):
Any action or means used to eliminate or control access to hazards and/or reduce risks. (ANSI B11.0‐2020)
Qualitative Risk Assessment:
A risk assessment based on subjective ratings. (Authors)
Quantitative Risk Assessment:
A risk assessment based on data supported numerical ratings. (Authors)
Raw Risk:
The initial risk assessed assuming no risk‐reduction methods are in place. Raw risk serves as a baseline for the measurement of further risk reduction. Raw risk estimations may also be applicable to situations where the existing controls are considered very low
