44Table 44.1 Factors influencing constipation.Table 44.2 Pharmacological interventions to reduce constipation.24 Chapter 46Table 46.1 Types of stoma.
25 Chapter 47Table 47.1 Significance of urinalysis results.
26 Chapter 48Table 48.1 Different types of incontinence.
27 Chapter 51Table 51.1 Urinary retention: signs and symptoms. *
28 Chapter 52Table 52.1 Timed Get Up and Go (TUG) test.
29 Chapter 53Table 53.1 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment.Table 53.2 Risk factors for venous thromboembolism(VTE).
30 Chapter 54Table 54.1 Contraindications to anti‐embolic stockings (AES).Table 54.2 Anti‐embolic stockings (AES) – discharge information (NICE 2018)....
31 Chapter 55Table 55.1 The Enhanced Calgary‐Cambridge Model.
32 Chapter 56Table 56.1 Backward chaining.Table 56.2 Rolling a person on the floor to position handling equipment.Table 56.3 Managing a confined space fall.
33 Chapter 57Table 57.1 Checks for sensory and motor function as well as positional awareness ...
34 Chapter 60Table 60.1 Oral characteristics – healthy and unhealthy.Table 60.2 Common oral disorders.
35 Chapter 61Table 61.1 International National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel/European Pressure...Table 61.2 Interventions to prevent pressure ulcers.
36 Chapter 62Table 62.1 Assessment of the ulcer.Table 62.2 Venous ulcer assessment.Table 62.3 Physical characteristics of venous ulceration.
37 Chapter 64Table 64.1 Burn types and characteristics.Table 64.2 A–E assessment in burns injuries.
38 Chapter 65Table 65.1 Causes of death to be reported to Coroner.
39 Chapter 66Table 66.1 Types of surgical drain.
40 Chapter 68Table 68.1 Signs of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia.Table 68.2 Accuracy of capillary blood glucose.
41 Chapter 69Table 69.1 Order of the draw.
42 Chapter 71Table 71.1 Intravenous fluid therapy – 5 Rs.
43 Chapter 72Table 72.1 Average fluid intake and output volume.
44 Chapter 73Table 73.1 Blood types.Table 73.2 Signs of allergic reaction.Table 73.3 Signs of adverse haemolytic reaction.Table 73.4 Signs of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 The nursing process.Figure 2.2 Henderson's needs theory.Figure 2.3 Orem's theory of self‐care deficit.Figure 2.4 Activities of daily living.
2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Mixing opinion and fact.Figure 4.2 Illegible writing.Figure 4.3 Removing an error.Figure 4.4 Designation and signature.Figure 4.5 Counter‐signature.
3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Invasion of personal space.Figure 5.2 Calm, confident, and non‐threatening approach.Figure 5.3 Showing concern and support.
4 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Implied consent.Figure 7.2 Translation material.Figure 7.3 Materials in Braille.Figure 7.4 Written consent with signature.
5 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Engaged clip for curtains.
6 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Sit to stand.Figure 9.2 Walking with assistance of one.Figure 9.3 Walking with assistance of two.Figure 9.4 Walking with a frame.Figure 9.5 Standing to sitting.
7 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Turning in bed – two‐person.Figure 10.2 Preparing the slide sheet.Figure 10.3 Using the slide sheet.Figure 10.4 Lateral transfer.Figure 10.5 Using a hoist.
8 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Head tilt/chin lift.Figure 11.2 Chest compressions.Figure 11.3 Mouth‐to‐mouth resuscitation.Figure 11.4 Defibrillator pad placement.
9 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Back slap.Figure 12.2 Abdominal thrusts.Figure 12.3 Recovery position.
10 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Chain of infection.Figure 13.2 Five moments for hand hygiene.Figure 13.3 Routine hand cleansing procedure.Figure 13.4 Clinical waste disposal in hospital.Figure 13.5 Personal protective equipment – removal.
11 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Check patient ID against prescription.Figure 14.2 Medication administration.Figure 14.3 Recording medication not given.
12 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Anatomy and physiology of the skin.Figure 15.2 Safety needles.Figure 15.3 Subcutaneous injection sites.Figure 15.4 Subcutaneous injection.Figure 15.5 Z‐track technique.
13 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 National Early Warning Score (NEWS 2) chart.Figure 16.2 Oxygen usage using the Royal College of Physicians abbreviations...Figure 16.3 National Early Warning Score (NEWS) scoring.Figure 16.4 Escalation to the designated clinical personnel.
14 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 ACVPU recording.Figure 17.2 Applying pressure: fingernail.Figure 17.3 Applying pressure: trapezium pinch.Figure 17.4 Applying pressure: supraorbital pressure.Figure 17.5 Abnormal motor responses.
15 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Pupil gauge.Figure 18.2 Assessing arm drift.Figure 18.3 Assessing arm strength.Figure 18.4 Assessing leg strength.
16 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Mini‐Mental State Examination – sample questions.Figure 19.2 Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) – short form.Figure 19.3 Mini‐Cog.
17 Chapter 20Figure
