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2 Multi‐modal Therapy
Tania A. Banks, Christine Mullin, and Craig A. Clifford
Introduction
A multi‐modal approach incorporates a combination of some or all of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy as the backbone of therapy options, and encompasses less common treatments such as gene therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), cryotherapy, and immunotherapy on a case‐by‐case basis. Treatment protocols which involve multi‐modal therapy inherently require a planned and coordinated approach from the outset involving the surgeon, the radiation oncologist, the medical oncologist, and the Owner working together to
