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4 Skin and Subcutaneous Tumors
Erik G.H. Wouters, Sebastiaan (Bas) A. van Nimwegen, Stewart Ryan, and Jolle Kirpensteijn
Skin Tumors General Principles
Introduction
Prevalence
In dogs, approximately 25–30% of all neoplasms are reported to arise in the skin (Dobson et al. 2002; Villamil et al. 2011; Gruntzig et al. 2015). In a study evaluating 2952 canine biopsy specimens, 748 (25.34%) were canine cutaneous tumors. Thirty‐eight different types of cutaneous tumors were identified and categorized into epithelial and melanocytic tumors (56.95%), mesenchymal tumors (38.90%), and hematopoietic tumors (4.14%), all located in the skin. Among these, 69.25% were benign and 30.75% were malignant (Pakhrin et al. 2007; Bronden et al. 2010).
The top 10 most frequently diagnosed cutaneous tumors were epidermal and follicular cysts (12.70%), lipoma (11.36%), mast cell tumors (8.82%), cutaneous histiocytoma (7.49%), basal cell tumors (6.82%), sebaceous gland adenoma (6.68%), sebaceous gland hyperplasia (5.08%), hepatoid gland adenoma (3.61%), apocrine adenocarcinoma (3.07%), and fibroma (2.81%). These mentioned tumors comprise 68.45% of all cutaneous tumors and were distributed on the trunk (30.08%), head and neck (20.9%), extremities (19.14%), anal and perianal area (8.59%),
