9 Aging
9.1. Introduction
9.2. The aging of the world population: a demographic revolution
9.3. A strong heterogeneity in aging and its consequences
9.4. Responding to population aging: three case studies
9.5. Conclusion
9.6. References
14 Conclusion: Complex Relationships Between Demographic Dynamics and Development C.1. Main lessons drawn from the chapters C.2. Avoiding two pitfalls C.3. References
16 Index
List of Illustrations
1 Introduction Demographic DynamicsFigure I.1. Annual growth rate of major groups (2015–2020 average, in %)Figure I.2. Annual growth rate of countries in Southern Africa and Southern Asia...
2 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Female life expectancy at birth per 5-year periods, 1950–2020. LAC (...Figure 1.2. Total fertility rate in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): 1960–...
3 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Policies impacting, respectively, the demographic dependency ratio (...
4 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Africa’s economic lifecycle compared to that of Asian countriesFigure 3.2. Lifecycle deficit (LCD) in Africa and in East AsiaFigure 3.3. Evolution of the economic support ratio in African countries, 1950–2...Figure 3.4. Evolution of the support ratio growth per African sub-region, 1975–2...
5 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Percentage of fertility decline by continent and income level (1950–...Figure 4.2. Percentage of fertility decline in some countries (1950–2020)Figure 4.3. Declines in infant mortality and fertility (1960–1980)Figure 4.4. Sanitary conditions in AfricaFigure 4.5. Educational conditions in AfricaFigure 4.6. The process of land saturationFigure 4.7. Modernization theoryFigure 4.8. Child labor
6 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Trends in total population by region, estimates and projections 1950...Figure 5.2. Trends in total fertility rate by region, estimates and projections ...Figure 5.3. Conformist preferences for childbearing (reproduced from Dasgupta an...Figure 5.4. Trends in the availability of survey data on contraceptive use by su...Figure 5.5. Prevalence of modern contraceptive use among women aged 15–49 by reg...Figure 5.6. Estimates of the proportion of women of reproductive age using contr...Figure 5.7. Total fertility rate compared to modern contraceptive prevalence amo...Figure 5.8. Family planning indicators among married or in-union women in Bangla...
7 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. The evolution of life expectancy at birth depending on development l...Figure 6.2. Evolution of life expectancy at birth by major world regionFigure 6.3. Evolution of life expectancy at birth in AfricaFigure 6.4. Life expectancy at birth in 2018, depending on economic development ...Figure 6.5. Life expectancy at birth in 2018 by continentFigure 6.6. Life expectancy at birth in Africa and in AsiaFigure 6.7. Infant and child mortality rate in 1990 and 2015 (per 1,000 live bir...Figure 6.8. Maternal Mortality Report (deaths per 100,000 live births)
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. Distribution of migratory movements between “North” and “South” coun...Figure 8.2. The 15 most numerous migrant populations from a country of origin to...
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1. Evolution of the proportion of people aged 65+ (world population 195...Figure 9.2. Evolution of the proportion of people aged 65+ and under 5 (world po...Figure 9.3. Evolution of life expectancy at birth (world population 1950–2100)Figure 9.4. Evolution of the dependency ratio (65 years+/20–64 years) (world pop...Figure 9.5. Period of time required for the 60+ population to increase from 10% ...Figure 9.6. Proportion of pension recipients among those having reached the lega...Figure 9.7. Activity rate of the population aged 65+ (various African countries ...
List of Tables
1 Introduction Demographic DynamicsTable I.1. Population (2020, in millions) and annual growth rate in the major gr...Table I.2. Annual growth rate per country in certain sub-regions (2015–2020 aver...Table I.3. Chapter titles and in-depth case studies
2 Chapter 1Table 1.1. Estimates and projections of the population of the world’s geographic...Table 1.2. Groups of countries per demographic transition and population in 2019...Table 1.3. Life expectancy at birth and infant mortality in Latin America and th...Table 1.4. Latin American and Caribbean countries according to mortality and fer...
3 Chapter 2Table 2.1. Comparison DDR with EDR, 2016Table 2.2. DDR, EDR and SDR in selected countries, 2016Table 2.3. DDR in selected countries 2015–2055Table 2.4. U19 population in South Korea 1960–2010Table 2.5. EDR in selected countries 2015–2055Table 2.6. SDR in selected countries 2015–2055
4 Chapter 3Table 3.1. Specific weight–age in relation with labor income and consumption in ...Table 3.2. Estimated duration for the demographic window of opportunity in Afric...Table 3.3. Extent of the demographic window of opportunity in some African count...Table 3.4. Country and survey year for consumption and income profiles
5 Chapter 4Table 4.1. Number of children of women by continent and income level (1950–2020)Table 4.2. Number of children per woman in some countries (1950–2020)Table 4.3. Evolution of fertility and % of Muslims in various countries
6 Chapter 5Table 5.1. Estimates and projections of the number and proportion of women of re...
7 Chapter 7Table 7.1. Population in Northwestern Europe, 1750–1800 (in millions)Table
