Wiley Global Headquarters
111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials, or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 9781119775560
Cover image: Pixabay.com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
The saying: “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food” was embraced 2500 years ago by Hippocrates. In 21st century, more of research reports advocated the importance of healthy diet for health promotion as well as disease prevention and treatment. For human health the functional foods and beverage remain of the utmost importance to growers, researchers, processors and manufacturers of natural substances, bakers, confectioners, dairy product manufacturers, brewers, and ultimately, the consumers. Regardless of energy and nutritional characteristics, numerous health benefits of functional foods are likely to be single major asset of food processing companies. New packaging materials and techniques are being developed to provide more protection to functional foods. Simultaneously, improving food quality and food safety are continue to be critical issues in functional food development and manufacturing.
Against this backdrop, this book encompasses on functional food from different sources across the globe to present latest knowledge on these, for the enhanced appreciation of this topic. A great variety of topics was covered, with the emphasis on the most recent development in functional foods. The chapters presented in this volume throw light on a number of research subjects that have provided critical information on manufacturing of functional foods, their ingredients from different sources, health benefits and their feasibility in food industry. Each chapter also provides background information of the functional food, nutrition, bioactive compounds, health benefits of functional foods and a wealth of useful references that should prove to be an invaluable source for the reader. Self-explanatory illustrations and tables have been incorporated in each chapter complimentary to the main text.
Thanks are due to all authors who contributed in this volume for contributing their knowledgeable chapters and helping us to complete the book. We also thank the authorities of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology for their support. Finally, we also express indebtedness and thankfulness to Scrivener Publishing and Wiley team for their unfailing guidance and helpful assistance.
Navnidhi ChhikaraAnil PanghalGaurav Chaudhary
1
Overview of Functional Foods
Navnidhi Chhikara1 and Anil Panghal2*
1Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
2AICRP-PHET, Department of Food Processing & Engineering, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
Abstract
The consumer demand has switched to food choices which besides supplying the basic nutrients also contribute towards betterment of health. Functional foods can be conventional, modified or may contain any functional ingredient. Functional foods include a huge range of foods like whole foods along with fortified, enriched or enhanced foods, probiotics and designer foods. Functional foods protect from numerous lifestyle generated disease as well as promote the growth and development. The demand and market growth of functional foods is controlled by socio-demographic characteristics, awareness, knowledge of nutritional advantages and health claims, labeling and attitude of consumers. The smart, health conscious consumer is demanding for functional foods for their overall health and wellbeing. In the current scenario, the existing functional foods in today’s markets were designed to meet the needs for particular health conditions as evident by medical and nutritional experts. Consumers are more familiar with the functional foods and thus the functional foods are now accepted by the group of consumers whose interest is in following healthy food choice and dietary benefits. Researchers from the various fields of nutrition, pharmaceutical, microbiology, dairy sciences, medical sciences and food sciences are reporting their research findings on many interesting characteristics of food components in terms of their physiological functions. This chapter summarizes the different findings from multidisciplinary fields and role of regulatory bodies for law and regulations of functional foods.
Keywords: Probiotics, bioactive compounds, nutraceuticals, supplements
1.1 Introduction
The saying: “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food” was embraced 2500 years ago by Hippocrates. In 21st century, more of research reports advocated the importance of healthy diet for health promotion as well as disease prevention and also treatment. This further focused on the identification and characterization of biologically active compounds from different food substrates and their contribution to various health benefits. The new sources of these compounds have been explored to meet the increasing demands. The increased awareness about health and income of the consumer has forced the researchers and industries to come up with good quality food products, which are known as: “Functional foods.”
The term ‘functional food’ was coined in Japan in the early 1980s. Although there is no universal definition of functional food, a typical and simple definition is “processed foods having disease-preventing and/or
