correlate another important physical variables: Sound and vibration. In Figure 6 is depicted as the flowchart, the summary of the procedure that was applied in this research. It starts from configuration parameters, measure sensors data: positions and temperatures. From this can be possible to find weights for adaptive algorithm in order to get better position control. In spite of the error signal (between desired and measured positions) can also get some predictions to optimal positions, but the energy needed to send over every electromagnet get losses, such as by the heat, but not because of friction. It is proposed by Joule effect. For this reason, it is necessary to measure temperatures and to estimate the heat evacuation from the AMB system, because of friction.
Figure 6
Flowchart to summarize steps sequence because to achieve the position control
Source: Own elaboration.
As it was described above, in order to test the shaft movement transmission, it was activated only the hybrid electromagnet that was separated from the motor connector. Hence, in Figure 7a is depicted all control position, when it is measured by “sharp” position sensors, from which curves in color light blue, green, brown and red are the position that was captured by every position sensor.
Figure 7
The position control under the nanostructure effect
Source: Own elaboration.
It is shown that system is under control owing to the desired signal is 0 mm and the rotor must to be avoided to get imbalance rotation at 2 mm from its own axis. However, as it can be analyzed, there were found some overshoots that were achieved even the adaptive algorithm that was proposed. By other side, while it is changed every position sensor by sensors that were based in nanostructures, the control improves as it can be seen in Figure 7b. According to help visual explanation, Figure 7c shows a shaft setup for position sensors around it [6].
Finally, as it was detailed in paragraphs above: what is the consequence of heat that was produced by wires around hybrid magnets, which receive energy to produce the electromagnetic field (the main component to get equilibrium in AMB systems is depicted in Figure 8c)?
Figure 8
The energy evacuation as the nanostructure effect
Source: Own elaboration.
For this reason, Figure 8a shows power that was consumed, when there is not effect of sensors that were based in nanostructures, it is expected that no short response time makes the main control system could not get right response action. In otherwise, it can activate the hybrid actuators more time than it could be. So, does it mean that AMB cannot be in total efficient? To answer this question, it is necessary to get compromise between required range of work of the AMB, while it can be used to enhance movement transmission between rotating machines, the costing of the AMB in order to reduce the heat from lubrication of traditional mechanical bearings, but whether operating range of work can force the AMB according to increase energy that it needs to get operation, then of course, also this system can get losses by the heat.
This work shows a suggestion to solve that problematic by sensors that were based in nanostructures, due to their robustness, short response time can help in extreme conditions that traditional sensors cannot get. This is depicted in Figure 8b, due to reduced consumed power from AMB, because of nanostructure effect over mechatronic systems. According to help visual explanation, Figure 8c shows a shaft setup for position of magnets (hybrid between passive magnet with electro-magnet) around it, from which electrical current can increase its temperature without a controlled model that was based in nanostructures, as it is proposed in this research.
Discussion and conclusions
It was verified the good effect to use position sensors that were based in nanostructures, because of the wide range of work, robustness and fast response time as a consequence of nanosystems integrated in macro systems: the mechatronic systems. By other side, it was evaluated that AMB systems can enhance by better way their performance, when it is analyzed strategies to evacuate the heat that was not produced, because of friction among the rotor and bearings. In other words, the heat that was produced, because of the source of energy, which provides to the electromagnet actuators. Additionally, it is suggested to evaluate models that were proposed in this work with particular cases, such as M3 (from figures 2 and 3 that were described above) could be a turbine, so it is suggested to analyze its dynamic, energetic and thermodynamic behavior as a consequence of nanostructures integration, as it is proposed in this research.
Acknowledgment
The author of this work expresses deep warm grateful to Mrs. Aleksandra Ulianova de Calderón for all her motivation and support in the development of this article and for the provided respective photos. Also, it is expressed thanks to Mr. Gonzalo Solano M. and Mr. Bruno Miranda Q., because of their support in simulation and experimental tests. Finally, it is expressed thanks to FONCAI team from PUCP, researchers from Energy Laboratory PUCP, and Director of Mechatronic Master program PUCP, owing to the financial support.
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