|
GI
|
gastrointestinal; Glycemic Index
|
|
GIP
|
gastric inhibitory peptide
|
|
GL
|
glycemic load
|
|
GLP‐1
|
glucagon‐like peptide‐1
|
|
GLUT‐4
|
glucose transporter‐4 CER ceramide
|
|
HCC
|
hepatocellular carcinoma
|
|
HCG
|
human chorionic gonadotropin
|
|
HD
|
hydrodensitometry
|
|
HDL
|
High‐density lipoprotein
|
|
HB‐EGF
|
heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor
|
|
HF
|
heart failure
|
|
HSL
|
hormone‐sensitive lipase
|
|
IAPP
|
islet amyloid polypeptide
|
|
IBW
|
ideal body weight
|
|
IC
|
indirect calorimetry
|
|
IDF
|
International Diabetes Federation
|
|
IGT
|
impaired glucose tolerance
|
|
IHD
|
ischemic heart disease
|
|
IMCL
|
intramyocellular lipid
|
|
IOTF
|
International Obesity Task Force
|
|
IRS
|
insulin receptor substrates
|
|
IUGR
|
intrauterine growth restriction
|
|
IVF
|
in vitro fertilization
|
|
JIB
|
jejunoileal bypass
|
|
KO
|
knockout
|
|
LAGB
|
laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
|
|
LAUP
|
laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty
|
|
LDL
|
low‐density lipoprotein
|
|
LBM
|
lean body mass
|
|
LED
|
low‐energy diets
|
|
LH
|
lateral hypothalamic; luteinizing hormone
|
|
LPL
|
lipoprotein lipase
|
|
LV
|
left ventricular
|
|
MACE
|
major adverse cardiac event
|
|
MAD
|
mandibular advancement devices
|
|
MAFLD
|
metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease
|
|
MAS
|
McCune–Albright syndrome
|
|
MC4R
|
melanocortin concentrating hormone receptor 4
|
|
MCH
|
melanin‐concentrating hormone
|
|
MCP‐1
|
monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1
|
|
MET
|
metabolic equivalent
|
|
MI
|
myocardial infarction
|
|
MIF
|
migration inhibitory factor
|
|
MMP
|
matrix metalloproteinase
|
|
MR
|
Mendelian Randomisation
|
|
MRI
|
magnetic resonance imaging
|
|
MRS
|
magnetic resonance spectroscopy
|
|
MS
|
metabolic syndrome
|
|
MSR
|
macrophage scavenger receptor
|
|
MUFA
|
monounsaturated fatty acid
|
|
NAFLD
|
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
|
|
NASH
|
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
|
|
NCD
|
noncommunicable diseases
|
|
NCEP
|
National Cholesterol Education Program
|
|
NE
|
norepinephrine
|
|
NEAT
|
nonexercise activity thermogenesis
|
|
NEFA
|
nonesterified fatty acids
|
|
NGF
|
nerve growth factor
|
|
NGT
|
normal glucose tolerance
|
|
NHLBI
|
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
|
|
NMB
|
neuromedin B
|
|
NMR
|
nuclear magnetic resonance
|
|
NPY
|
neuropeptide Y
|
|
NPY/AgRP
|
neuropeptide‐Y/agouti‐related protein
|
|
NREM
|
nonrapid eye movement
|
|
NST
|
nucleus of the solitary tract
|
|
NTS
|
nucleus tractus solitarius
|
|
OFC
|
orbitofrontal cortex
|
|
OGTT
|
oral glucose
|
