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1 Towards a New Social Model of the City: Barcelona’s Integral Superblocks
Lluís Torrens1, Sebastià Riutort2, and Marta Juan1
1 Barcelona City Council, Area of Social Rights, Barcelona, Spain
2 IERMB – Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies, Barcelona, Spain
The Care Challenge in Barcelona During Uncertain Times
From Ildefons Cerdà's innovative proposals in the mid‐nineteenth century, which would result in the famous grid‐like urban structure that is so characteristic of the city, to the transformations for the Barcelona ’92 Olympic Games and to the present day, Barcelona has shown it is a creative city that is open to change. Today, all kinds of phenomena that characterize our times are once again forcing the city to not only consider ingenious urban planning changes, taking into account that the space available in the city is limited, but more especially – and concerning this chapter – the redesigning of services for people and examining the interaction between the physical and social aspects.
In recent years the Area of Social Rights of the Barcelona City Council has been equipped with a unit of talented economists, geographers, and sociologists to comprehensively address social challenges the city is facing. This unit works as an intersection between social work practitioners (social and educational workers, psychologists), who stay on the field, and politicians, who have to make evidence‐based decisions in coherence with their ideology. To do this, it is key to have access to data, statistical knowledge, and appropriate theoretical approaches to understand the trends behind change. Experience reveals us that being aware of interactions between urban space‐oriented social policies, such as inclusive urbanism planning, and individual‐oriented policies (e.g. income guarantee schemes or social, health, and educational policies) can help policymakers to make effective and efficient decisions.
In the current uncertain times, Barcelona is experiencing a demographic phenomena that requires new approaches if it is to be adequately dealt with (Ajuntament de Barcelona 2018b). The city's population is getting older (Various Authors 2020). In a city with over 1.6 million inhabitants, the people aged 65 or over represent 21.3% of the population (almost 350 000 people), while people aged 75 or over represent 11.2%. Demographic projections (Ajuntament de Barcelona 2018a) foresee progressive ageing with population concentrations in the 75–79 age group. By 2030, it is estimated that 8.3% of the population will be 80 years old or more. So the city is facing a crisis in care that mainly concerns how to tackle the care of senior citizens today, because there will be increasing numbers of them, they will be older and they will be in increasingly dependent situations. Today, we urgently need to adapt the city's social model, basing it on innovative policies that, in the short and medium term, improve the sustainability of care for an ageing population. How is Barcelona preparing to deal with this challenge?
