Fundamentals of Financial Instruments. Sunil K. Parameswaran
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11 CHAPTER 3: Equity Shares, Preferred Shares, and Stock Market Indices INTRODUCTION PAR VALUE VERSUS BOOK VALUE ACCOUNTING FOR A STOCK ISSUE VOTING RIGHTS DIVIDENDS TREASURY STOCK ACCOUNTING FOR TREASURY STOCK SPLITS AND REVERSE SPLITS PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS INTERPRETING STATED RATIOS HANDLING FRACTIONS PHYSICAL CERTIFICATES VERSUS BOOK ENTRY TRACKING STOCK REPORT CARDS TYPES OF STOCKS RISK AND RETURN AND THE CONCEPT OF DIVERSIFICATION PREFERRED SHARES DIVIDEND DISCOUNT MODELS A GENERAL VALUATION MODEL THE CONSTANT GROWTH MODEL THE TWO-STAGE MODEL THE THREE-STAGE MODEL THE H MODEL STOCK MARKET INDICES PRICE-WEIGHTED INDICES THE IMPORTANCE OF PRICE VALUE-WEIGHTED INDICES CHANGING THE BASE PERIOD CAPITALIZATION EQUALLY WEIGHTED INDICES TRACKING PORTFOLIOS HANDLING A RIGHTS ISSUE THE FREE-FLOATING METHODOLOGY WELL-KNOWN GLOBAL INDICES MARGIN TRADING AND SHORT-SELLING TERMINOLOGY CASE A: THE MARKET RISES CASE B: THE MARKET DECLINES CASE A: THE MARKET RISES CASE B: THE MARKET DECLINES INTEREST AND COMMISSIONS CASE A: THE MARKET RISES CASE B: THE MARKET DECLINES MAINTENANCE MARGIN SHORT-SELLING MAINTENANCE OF A SHORT POSITION SHORTING AGAINST THE BOX THE RISK FACTOR THE ECONOMIC ROLE OF SHORT SALES THE UPTICK RULE NOTES
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CHAPTER 4: Bonds
INTRODUCTION
TERMS USED IN THE BOND MARKET
VALUATION OF A BOND
PAR, PREMIUM, AND DISCOUNT BONDS
EVOLUTION OF THE PRICE
ZERO-COUPON BONDS
VALUING A BOND IN BETWEEN COUPON DATES
DAY-COUNT CONVENTIONS
ACTUAL-ACTUAL
THE TREASURY'S APPROACH
CORPORATE BONDS
ACCRUED INTEREST
NEGATIVE ACCRUED INTEREST
YIELDS
THE CURRENT YIELD
SIMPLE YIELD TO MATURITY
YIELD TO MATURITY
APPROXIMATE YIELD TO MATURITY
ZERO-COUPON BONDS AND THE YTM
ANALYZING THE YTM
THE REALIZED COMPOUND YIELD
REINVESTMENT