F., Fitton, D., Sundramoorthy, V., “Smart objects as building blocks for the internet of things“. Internet Comput., 14, 44–51, 2010.
16. Simonov, M., Zich, R., Mazzitelli, F., Personalised Healthcare Communication in Internet of Things, In Proc. of URSI GA08, 2008.
17. Niewolny, D., How the Internet of Things Is Revolutionizing Healthcare, Freescale Semiconductors, USA, 18 Oct 2013.
18. Vermesan, O. and Friess, P., “Internet of Things Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda”, in: Internet of Things- Converging technologies for smart environment and Integrated Ecosystems, p. 54, River Publishers, Denmark, 2013.
19. Pang, Z., “Technologies and Architectures of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) for Health and Well-being”, in: Doctoral Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden, January 2013.
20. Christin, D. et al., “Wireless sensor networks and the internet of things: selected challenges”. Proceedings of the 8th GI/ITG KuVSFachgesprächDrahtlosesensornetze, pp. 31–34, 2009.
21. Chen, M. et al., “EMC: Emotion-aware mobile cloud computing in 5G”. IEEE Netw., 29, 2, 32–38, 2015.
22. Chen, M. et al., “AIWAC: Affective interaction through wearable computing and cloud technology”. IEEE Wirel. Commun., 22, 1, 20–27, 2015.
23. Chen, M., “NDNC-BAN: Supporting Rich Media Healthcare Services via Named Data Networking in Cloud-assisted Wireless Body Area Networks”. Inf. Sci., 284, 10, 142–156, Nov. 2014.
24. Chen, M. et al., “A survey of recent developments in home M2M networks”. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tut., 16, 1, 98–114, 2013.
25. Niewolny, D., “How the Internet of Things Is Revolutionizing Healthcare”, White paper, Available: cache.freescale.com/files/corporate/doc/../IOTREV HEALCARWP.pdf, Accessed 31st July, Freescale semiconductor, US, 2013.
26. Pandeya, S., Voorsluys, W., Niua, S., Khandoker, A., Buyyaa, R., “An autonomic cloud environment for hosting ECG Ecosystem analysis in the design of open platform-based in-home healthcare terminals towards the Internet-of-Things data analysis services”. Future Gener. Comp. Sy., 28, 147–154, 2012.
27. Jin, J., Gubbi, J., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M., “An information framework for creating a smart city through Internet of Things”. IEEE Internet Things J., 1, 1l2–12l, 2014.
28. Jara, A.J., Zamora-Izquierdo, M.A., Skarmeta, A.F., “Interconnection Framework for mHealth and Remote Monitoring Based on the Internet of Things”. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 31, 47–65, 2013.
29. Lee, K., Gelogo, Y.E., Lee, S., “Mobile gateway System for Ubiquitous system and Internet of Things, Application”. Int. J. Smart Home, 8, 5, 279–286, 2014.
30. Gelogo, Y.E., “Internet of Things (loT) for U-healthcare”. Adv. Sci. Technol. Lett., 120, 717–720, 2015.
31. Gelogo, Y.E., Hwang, H.J., Haeng-Kon, K., “Internet of Things (IoT) framework for u-healthcare system”. Int. J. Smart Home, 9, 11, 323–330, 2015.
32. Qi, N. et al., “Energy-efficient cooperative network coding with joint relay scheduling and power allocation”. IEEE Trans. Commun., 64, 11, 4506–4519, 2016.
33. Atat, R., Lingjia, L., Yang, Y., “Privacy protection scheme for ehealth systems: A stochastic geometry approach”. 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), IEEE, 2016.
34. Kumar, R. and Pallikond Rajasekaran, M., “An IoT based patient monitoring system using raspberry Pi”. 2016 International Conference on Computing Technologies and Intelligent Data Engineering (ICCTIDE’16), IEEE, 2016.
35. Gope, P. and Hwang, T., “Untraceable sensor movement in distributed IoT infrastructure”. IEEE Sens. J., 15, 9, 5340–5348, 2015.
36. Lin, Y. et al., “A home mobile healthcare system for wheelchair users”. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 18th international conference on computer supported cooperative work in design (CSCWD), IEEE, 2014.
Email: [email protected]
3
Design of Gesture-Based Hand Gloves Using Arduino UNO: A Grace to Abled Mankind
Harpreet Singh Bedi*, Dekkapati Vinit Raju, Nandyala Meghanath Reddy C. Partha Sai Kumar and Mandla Ravi Varma
SEEE, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
Abstract
Nowadays, technology and science are advancing at a rapid pace. The advancing or smart technology is “augmenting” the way of living in society. People need “smart” solutions to their problems. So, in this chapter, we would like to introduce a paradigm of smart technology, gesture-based wheelchair using Arduino UNO. The ideology is to introduce a wheelchair where physically challenged, deaf and mute or elderly people, can control the wheelchair and send an emergency message or SOS using GSM module, and a nearby person can see the emergency message on the LCD. The abovementioned tasks can be performed using hand gestures. This enables the disabled person to drive the wheelchair and move from one place to another with more efficiency. The proposed idea is to be comprised with comfort and mobility to the person in the wheelchair. Arduino UNO is the microcontroller which interfaces the components and performs tasks; flux sensors detect the hand gestures; MEMS sensor is used to convert digital signals into mechanical tasks; motor IC drives the motors; and GSM module sends the message to the responsible person. This makes our idea to be cost efficient compared to the joystick-controlled or voice-controlled wheelchair.
Keywords: Arduino, hand gloves, wheel chair, drives, motors
3.1 Introduction
The age of modern science has brought massive technological changes by utilizing modern electrical, electronic, and mechanical systems. In recent time, approximately 2.78% of the population require a wheelchair especially for elderly and disabled people. Embedded systems and digital information technology are becoming more relevant in our daily lives [1].
A special purpose system in which the computer is fully embedded to the unit or system it controls is known as an embedded system. These automated systems have made our lives much more convenient and relaxed. Traditional wheelchairs, as we all know, have several drawbacks in terms of versatility, bulkiness, and functionality. Here, we are developing a clever approach to allowing users to use hand motions and sync them with the movement of the wheelchair [2]. The idea is to provide a wheelchair which provides more mobility, and it will make people familiar with the machine, in the future. We can improve the mobility and usability of wheelchair with high accuracy [3].
A gesture-driven hand glove is a device that can be controlled using hand movements rather than the traditional keypad system [4]. Humans are frantically trying to come up with new ways to communicate with computers. In real life, it is a debilitating issue for a paralyzed person [5]. So, these types
