13 Ecology of Cold Seep Habitats
13.1. INTRODUCTION
13.2. DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY
13.3. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE OF COLD SEEP SEDIMENT
13.4. SYMBIOSIS
13.5. SYMBIONTS AND ADAPTATIONS
13.6. GENETICS AND GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY
13.7. CHEMOSYNTHESIS AND TROPHIC TRANSFER
13.8. IMPACT OF COLD SEEP HABITATS ON SURROUNDING OCEANS
13.9. SOCIETAL RELEVANCE OF COLD SEEPS
13.10. ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS ON GLOBAL SEEP ECOSYSTEMS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
14 Biogeochemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Systems in the Indian Ocean
14.1. INTRODUCTION
14.2. GEOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SETTINGS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN
14.3. HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELDS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN
14.4. NATURE OF VENT‐ASSOCIATED CHEMOAUTOTROPHS: ARE THEY LINKED WITH COLD‐SEEP ECOSYSTEMS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN?
14.5. CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
10 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Summarizes the calculated depth‐integrated sedimentary sulfate re...Table 1.2 Microbiological features of the well‐studied oxygen minimum zones...Table 1.3 Microbiological features of the well‐studied oxygen minimum zones...
2 Chapter 3Table 3.1 List of iron‐reducing bacteria and archaea isolated from marine s...
3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Sedimentary denitrification rates in the Arabian Sea.Table 4.2 The δ15N of sinking particles from northern Indian Ocean.Table 4.3 The δ15N values in sediments from the northern Indian Ocean.
4 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Groupwise distribution of major benthic species with record of e...
5 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Summary of some of the studies carried out in the coastal region...Table 11.2 Antarctic microalgae endemism (Based on Broyer and Koubbi, 2015;...
6 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Geographical, geological, and microbiological features of the we...Table 12.2 Main taxonomic groups detected corresponding to the individual m...Table 12.3 Metabolic processes that potentially operate in the brine cores ...
7 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Hydrothermal vent fluid compositions for different vent fields a...Table 14.2 Updated list of benthic fauna associated with Indian Ocean vent ...Table 14.3 Details of the hydrothermal vent fauna in the Indian Ocean based...Table 14.4 List of the closely matching hydrothermal vent and cold‐seep fau...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Global annual oxygen concentration (ml l–1) at 150 mbsl....Figure 1.2 Annual oxygen concentration (μmol l–1) in the water column ...Figure 1.3 Vertical distribution of oxygen (solid blue circle) and nitrite c...Figure 1.4 Global distribution pattern of particulate carbon flux to the sea...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Homogeneous sulfur isotopic composition of modern seawater sulfat...Figure 2.2 (a) Simplified depth distribution of changes in porewater sulfate...Figure 2.3 Different generations of sedimentary pyrite with early diagenetic...Figure 2.4 (a) Variations in δ34S for chromium reducible sulfur from bulk ro...Figure 2.5 Differentiation of different forms of microbial sulfur cycling as...Figure 2.6 Secular variations in δ34S for carbonate‐associated sulfate (CAS:...Figure 2.7 Range in Δ33S for sedimentary sulfide and sulfate exhibiting mass...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Concentrations and activities of reduced iron and sulfide in seaw...Figure 3.2 Schematic porewater profiles and dominant microbial groups throug...Figure 3.3 Schematic diagram of redox potentials of enzymes in the cascade o...Figure 3.4 Schematic of multiheme cytochromes involved in transporting elect...Figure 3.5 Dissolved iron concentrations and depth stratification in communi...Figure 3.6 Phylogenetic tree of iron‐reducing bacteria and archaea isolated ...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 A simplified schematic diagram of nitrogen cycling in the global ...Figure 4.2 The major N cycling pathways and the marker genes associated with...Figure 4.3 Mechanism of electron flow during biological N2 fixation.Figure 4.4 Nitrogen assimilation pathways in cyanobacteria. Glu, glutamate; ...Figure 4.5 Model for NH3 oxidation to NO2 – in AOB (Caranto and Lancas...
