static pressure and dynamic pressure for an incompressible flow?41 What can be concluded from Bernoulli’s equation for variations of pressure and flow speed?
42 Discuss when a flow separation happens inside a duct. What is the consequence of flow separation?
43 What do CDo and CDi stand for?
44 What are two major contributors to CDo of a fixed‐wing conventional air vehicle?
45 What are two components of the net aerodynamic force generated by the relative wind in a flapping wing? Show them in a figure.
46 Briefly compare the lift at the wingtip of: (1) a flapping wing and (2) a fixed‐wing of a conventional air vehicle.
47 Briefly compare the aerodynamic outcome at the wing tip and the wing root of a flapping wing.
48 Compare the angle of attack variation which is “selected” by a bird during an up and down stroke.
49 What factors impact the air vehicle maximum aerodynamic efficiency?
50 A HALE UAV with a wing area of 74 m2 and the following feature is cruising with an airspeed of 400 km/h at an altitude that the air density is 0.3 kg/m3:K = 0.043, CDo = 0.026, CL = 0.25Determine the air vehicle drag at this flight condition.
51 A MALE UAV with a turbofan engine has a zero‐lift drag coefficient of 0.024 and an induced drag factor of 0.05. Determine the maximum aerodynamic efficiency of the air vehicle.
52 A mini‐UAV with a wing area of 1.2 m2 is cruising with an airspeed of 20 m/s at an altitude where the air density is 1.1 kg/m3. The UAV has the following features:CDi = 0.005, CDo = 0.026Determine the air vehicle drag for this flight condition.
53 A small UAV with a wing area of 6.5 m2 is cruising with an airspeed of 50 m/s at an altitude where the air density is 0.92 kg/m3. The UAV has the following features:CDi = 0.008, CDo = 0.028Determine the air vehicle drag for this flight condition.
54 What is the wing aspect ratio for the General Atomics MQ‐1 Predator?
55 What is the wing aspect ratio for the Northrop Grumman RQ‐4 Global Hawk?
56 What is the wing aspect ratio for the AeroVironment RQ‐11 Raven?
57 Describe aerodynamic features of the ScanEagle.
Note
1 1 Computational Fluid Dynamics.
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