opens int...Figure 1.11 (a) The fused paramesonephric ducts form the genital canal, the ...Figure 1.12 (a) The genital and anal membranes rupture. (b) In the female fo...2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Anatomy of the normal vulva.Figure 2.2 Variation in appearance of normal labia minora. (a) Symmetrical l...Figure 2.3 Fordyce spots: yellow papules on inner labium majus.Figure 2.4 Anatomy of the clitoris.Figure 2.5 Hart’s line, which demarcates the junction of the keratinised ski...Figure 2.6 Openings of Bartholin’s ducts.Figure 2.7 Vestibular papillae. Multiple filiform projections of the vestibu...Figure 2.8 Histology of vestibular papillomatosis. Low power showing papilla...Figure 2.9 Hymenal remnants and tags.Figure 2.10 Urethral caruncle in a patient with lichen sclerosus.Figure 2.11 Midline section through pelvis and perineum.Figure 2.12 The urogenital diaphragm.Figure 2.13 The superficial structures of the perineum.Figure 2.14 A coronal section through the anal canal and ischiorectal fossa....Figure 2.15 The muscles of the pelvic walls and pelvic floor.Figure 2.16 Histology of normal labium majus.Figure 2.17 Lobulated anogenital mammary‐like gland with compact columnar ep...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Central loss of hair on mons pubis post menopause.
4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 The multidisciplinary specialities that are required for patients...Figure 5.2 Diagnostic clues to be found at other sites.
5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Causes of vulval ulceration.Figure 6.2 Causes of vulval oedema.Figure 6.3 Diagrammatic section of normal skin.Figure 6.4 Features of cutaneous lesions.
6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Best site for biopsy in lichen planus.Figure 7.2 Example of poor biopsy technique resulting in a crushed specimen,...Figure 7.3 Allergens for testing placed in plastic trays.Figure 7.4 Allergens applied to the patient’s back.Figure 7.5 Positive reaction showing eczematous reaction at the site of appl...
7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) Ointments are thicker and greasy to apply, but better to use ...Figure 8.2 Fingertip unit.Figure 8.3 Steroid telangiectasia and atrophy in a patient using excessive q...
8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Clue cell.
9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 C. albicans spores and hyphae.Figure 10.2 Acute candidiasis with inflammation.
10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Primary chancre on right inner labium majus.Figure 11.2 Vulval condylomata lata.
11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Bartholin’s abscess.
12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Lymphogranuloma venereum: aspiration of bubo.Figure 13.2 Lymphogranuloma venereum showing sinuses.
13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Flagellate trichomonas. Published in Wisdom, A and Hawkins, D. D...Figure 14.2 Discharge associated with trichomonas infection.
14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Genital herpes – grouped vesicles right labium majus.Figure 15.2 Perianal hypertrophic atypical herpes simplex in an immunosuppre...
15 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Vulval and perianal papular warts.Figure 16.2 Condyloma acuminata.Figure 16.3 Extensive condylomata acuminata in an immunosuppressed patient....Figure 16.4 Histology of condyloma acuminata.
16 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Umbilicated lesions of molluscum contagiosum.Figure 17.2 Scabetic nodules on the labia majora.
17 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Amoebiasis – large exophytic vulval ulcer with sloughy base.
18 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Tinea cruris, serpiginous spreading edge with central clearing....Figure 19.2 Tinea incognito.Figure 19.3a Bright field microscopy showing fungal hyphae in tinea.Figure 19.3b Fluorescence of fungal hyphae in tinea cruris using calcofluor ...Figure 19.4 Fluorescence of M. furfur in pityriasis versicolor using calcofl...Figure 19.5 Folliculitis showing small pustules centred on hair follicles.Figure 19.6 Cellulitis of left labium majus.Figure 19.7 Erythrasma in right inguinal fold. Well‐demarcated brownish disc...Figure 19.8 Vulval herpes zoster: third sacral nerve root is involved.Figure 19.9 Parvovirus 19 infection (a) Bathing trunk eruption. (b) Flexural...Figure 19.10 Acute genital ulcer affecting left labium majus.
19 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Hypertrophic herpes simplex associated with IRIS.
20 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Histological features of psoriasis. Hyperkeratosis and parakerat...Figure 21.2 Psoriasis: well‐defined erythema with scaling visible on the ker...Figure 21.3 Psoriasis: plaques on labia majora and perianal skin.Figure 21.4 Psoriasis of the perianal skin and natal cleft.
21 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 (a) Seborrhoeic eczema with erythema affecting labia majora and ...Figure 22.2 Histological features of lichen simplex.Figure 22.3 Perianal lichenification.Figure 22.4 Lichen simplex with lichenification of the labia majora.Figure 22.5 Lichen simplex with thickening on inner labia majora with some p...Figure 22.6 Eczema – fissuring over perineum.Figure 22.7 Lichen simplex showing thickening and increased pigmentation of ...Figure 22.8 Extensive and severe Jacquet’s dermatitis in an elderly patient ...Figure 22.9 Acute allergic contact dermatitis.
22 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Lichen sclerosus: typical histological features. Thinning of epi...Figure 23.2 Lichen sclerosus, hypertrophic type with hyperkeratosis and elon...Figure 23.3 Early lichen sclerosus with perifollicular papules.Figure 23.4 White sclerotic plaques on labia majora.Figure 23.5 Localised lichen sclerosus of clitoral hood.Figure
