34 24 Fringe-Field Switching (FFS) Technologies 24.1 Evolution of LC Technologies in TFT-LCDs 24.2 Fundamentals of the FFS Mode 24.3 Pixel Structure of the FFS Mode References
35 25 Automotive Applications of Liquid Crystal Displays 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Communication Zones in the Vehicle 25.3 The Early Beginnings of Instrumentation 25.4 Overview and Display Solutions over Time 25.5 Display Technologies for Driver Information Systems 25.6 Fusion of the Instrument Cluster with the Centre Console Display Unit 25.7 Head-up Displays 25.8 Nomadic Devices 25.9 HMI for Vehicles References
36 Appendix 1: Formats of Flat Panel Displays
37 Appendix 2: Optical Units of Displays
38 Appendix 3: Properties of Polarized Light
39 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Properties of liquid crystal materialsTable 2.2 Properties of nematic LC materials with a wide temperature range
2 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Various representations of the state of polarization
3 Chapter 14Table 14.1
4 Chapter 19Table 19.1 Characteristics of the white LED in Figure 19.19Table 19.2 Characteristics with shifted λd values from those in Table 19.1Table 19.3 Comparison of data between a BLU without and with cone-shaped lensTable 19.4 Grating data and expected efficiencies
5 Chapter 21Table 21.1 Requirements of plastic substrates for LCDsTable 21.2 Properties of three plastic substrates
6 Chapter 22Table 22.1 Data of test liquidsTable 22.2 Comparison of wetting angles before and after surface cleaning with plasma and UV–ozoneTable 22.3 Free surface energies and wetting angles of various materials in the saturated stateTable 22.4 Free surface energy γs and wetting angles of the same materials as in Table 22.3 right after UV–ozone cleaningTable 22.5 Surface tension γs and parameter S of the solventsTable 22.6 Vapour pressure of some solventsTable 22.7 Surface energy γs after various surface treatments and wetting angle after fluorinationTable 22.8 Fabrication condition of the OTFT array. This table was reproduced from Yase, K. et al., SID 09, p. 200 with permission by The Society for Information Display
7 Chapter 23Table 23.1 t0 (in ms) for varying values of ε|| and ε┴ (d = 3.5 μm)
List of Figures
1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 (a) Rod-like or calamitic liquid crystal molecule with director n; (b) disc-like or discotic liquid crystal moleculesFigure 2.2 Phases of LC materials versus temperatureFigure 2.3 Top view of (a) the close packed hexagonal structure of the smectic Bhex phase, and (b) of the smectic C phaseFigure 2.4 The helix in a layered structure of chiral smectic C liquid crystals with polarization 
2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 The plane A in which a planar wave travels with speed c1 and wave vector 
