35.1 Introduction
35.2 Drug Design
35.3 Monitoring Changes in Concentrations of Trace Elements
35.4 Conclusion
References
36 Historical Fundamentals of X‐Ray Instruments and Present Trends in Biological Science
36.1 Brief History of X‐Ray Fluorescence
36.2 Introduction
36.3 Nature of X‐Rays
36.4 Production of X‐Rays
36.5 Interaction of X‐Rays with Matter
36.6 Role of X‐Rays in Biological Analysis
36.7 Different X‐Ray Excitation Sources
36.8 X‐Ray Detectors
36.9 Polarization of X‐Rays
36.10 Quantization and Detection Limits of X‐Rays
36.11 Preventative Measures
36.12 Concluding Remarks
References
37 X‐Ray Fluorescence Studies of Biological Objects in Mongolia
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Determination of Some Elements in Plant Materials of the Khuvsgul Lake Basin
37.3 Human Hair Studies in Mongolia
37.4 Application of X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis for Forensic Investigations in Mongolia
37.5 Determination of Some Trace Elements in Livestock Using XRF
37.6 Determination of Some Trace Elements in Foods Using XRF
Acknowledgements
References
38 Arsenic Analysis
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Arsenic Species
38.3 Gutzeit Method
38.4 Principles of HG‐AAS Arsenic Analysis
38.5 Problems in Yamauchi's Method
38.6 Selective Excitation of SRXRF
38.7 Stray Light
38.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
39 X‐Ray Fluorescence: Current Trends and Future Scope
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Principle
39.3 X‐Ray Fluorescence
39.4 Application of X‐Ray Fluorescence Technique
39.5 XRF Technique Used in Biology
39.6 Applications of XRF in the Study of Plant Physiology
39.7 Application in Animal Biology and Medicinal Biology
39.8 Applications in Nanotechnology
39.9 Methodological Improvement
39.10 Molecular Fluorescence Samples
39.11 Fourier Transform Infra‐red (FTIR) Spectroscopy
39.12 Novel X‐Ray Imaging Methods
39.13 Conclusion and Advances
References
12 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Overview of some analytical techniques including AAS, ICP, LIBS, ...Table 1.2 Advantages and limitations of ion chromatography (IC) [3, 7].Table 1.3 Advantages and limitations of SEM‐EDS method [3, 8].
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Features and analytical capabilities of XRF systems used in veget...
3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Contents of some elements in the samples of tea (ppm) of differen...Table 3.2 Concentrations of elements in some coffee products (ppm).Table 3.3 Concentrations (mean ± standard deviation) of some elements in co...Table 3.4 Description of analyzed tea samples from Krasnodar.Table 3.5 Range, mean (C mean ) and standard deviation (S) of elements' co...Table 3.6 The relative specific intensities of Irel for the analytical line...
4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Some sample support materials suitable for use in TXRF analysis a...
5 Chapter
