of elements in any substance, including body tissue. It is a fast, accurate technique for the determination of elements in even very small quantities of samples. it is notable that, for the rapid, nondestructive clinical analysis of trace element recently XOS, the Alzheimer's Center of Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA in colaboration with the Wadsworth Center (New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA) started to measure trace elements of interest; potential diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases using an NIH‐supported study (NIH 2R44RR021797‐02) toward development of an HD XRF‐based analyzer [18].
Table 6.2 Precision and accuracy of the method.
| Elements | Elemental concentration in Orchard leaf/NIST 1571 (mg/kg) | Mean | SD | Certified value Orchard leaf/NIST 1571 | RE (%) | CV (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp‐1 | Exp‐2 | ||||||
| K | 13 340 | 13 410 | 13 375 | 49.50 | 14 700 | 9.01 | 0.37 |
| Ca | 19 670 | 19 779 | 19 725 | 77.07 | 20 900 | 5.62 | 0.39 |
| Mn | 93.51 | 94.21 | 93.86 | 0.49 | 91 | −3.14 | 0.53 |
| Fe | 270 | 298 | 284 | 19.80 | 300 | 5.33 | 6.97 |
| Cu | 11.97 | 10.49 | 11.23 | 1.05 | 12 | 6.42 | 9.32 |
| Zn | 26.99 | 24.97 | 25.98 | 1.43 | 25 | −3.92 | 5.50 |
| As | 9.45 | 8.97 | 9.21 | 0.34 | 10 | 7.90 | 3.69 |
| Rb | 11.25 | 11.43 | 11.34 | 0.13 | 12 | 5.50 | 1.12 |
| Sr | 43.42 | 40.21 | 41.82 | 2.27 | 37 | −13.01 | 5.43 |
| Pb | 46.98 | 48.60 | 47.79 | 1.15 | 45 | −6.20 | 2.40 |
However, the present study ascertained,the precision and the accuracy of the obtained results were excellent (Tables 6.1 and 6.2). Total cost of analysis was also low as no chemicals were used to prepare the samples for analysis and makes it more affordable by the patients/customers. This method is very simple and handling the system is very easy. EDXRF has been demonstrated to be a very potential technique with high precision and accuracy with good sensitivity for the determination of As in hair tissue and Pb in whole blood samples at the clinical point of care. So, EDXRF is worthy of use in clinical diagnosis, particularly for the above mentioned cases.
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