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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-79180-5
Cover image: Pixabay.com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
Wearable antennas, neuronic antennas, medical antennas, microstrip, Jeans substrate, wireless body area network, on-body transmission antennas, body phantom, dual-mode antennas, on-body path loss, wearable microstrip antennas, antennas for medical applications, body-centric wireless communications antennas, robust planar textile antennas, dual-mode antennas for on off-body communications, modular textile antennas, textile patch antennas, E-textile conductors and polymer composites, inductively coupled fed loop antennas, multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) 5G antennas, WLAN antennas, Internet of Things (IoT) antennas, wire antennas, and aperture antennas will play an important role in wireless applications. The signals created by human cerebrum neurons can be enhanced a few thousand times by methods for a gadget currently known as the MIND SWITCH. The term “brain change” refers to the technology that has been developed that allows an individual to kill on an electrical apparatus, for example, a work area light or TV, in 2–3 seconds using EEG signals without any preparation. Relative control, such as increasing or decreasing the volume of a proportion, is also possible with the technology. The book begins with an overview of advanced waveforms. The features of the 5G waveform and antenna design are then defined, comprising their major capability restrictions. Various designs of antenna, waveform coding, and signal processing structures are then deliberated in the feature, containing state-of-the-art neuronic antenna, medical antenna, micro strip, Jeans substrate, wireless body area network, on-body transmission antenna, body phantom, dual-mode antenna, on-body path loss, wearable microstrip antenna, antennas for medical applications, body-centric wireless communications antenna, and multiple antenna techniques. The final chapters described the filter designs and wearable antennas. Design comprehension and tradeoffs are highlighted throughout the book. It covers numerous worked examples, over 300 figures and over 800 references, and is a perfect textbook for researchers, academicians, and students.
1
Machine Learning Aided Channel Equalization in Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G
Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf1,2, Muhammad Moinuddin1,2*, Syed Saad Azhar Ali3, Syed Sajjad Hussain Rizvi4 and Muhammad Faisal5
1Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3Center for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
4Computer Science Department, SZABIST, Karachi, Pakistan
5Computer & Information Technology Dept., Dammam Community College, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Multi-carrier communications (MC) have gained a lot of interest as they have shown better spectral efficiency and provide flexible operation. Thus, the MC are strong candidates for the fifth generation of mobile communications. The Cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) is the most famous technique in the MC as it is easy to implement. However, the OFDM has poor spectral efficiency due to limited filtering options available. Thus, to enhance spectral efficiency, an alternative to OFDM called Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) communication was introduced, which has more freedom of filtering options. On the other hand, the FBMC preserves only real orthogonality for the waveforms, resulting in imaginary interference. Hence, the equalization in FBMC has to deal with this additional interference which becomes challenging in multiuser communication. In this chapter, the aim is to deal with this challenge.
Keywords: Multiuser communications, multicarrier communications, OFDM, FBMC, 5G, equalization, machine learning, MMSE
1.1 Introduction
Improved bandwidth, efficient power utilization, and better handling of selective fading are prominent advantages of the MC [1]. The CP-OFDM is a simpler MC solution. However, it has poor spectral efficiency due to limited filtering options available.
Another candidate
