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Adapted from Quant and Lee JA [105] and Perkowski [106].
| Generic drug | Brand (manufacturer) | Dose | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Opioids: | |||
| Buprenorphine | Buprenex® (Reckitt & Colman) | 5–20 μg/kg IM, IV q 6–8 hours Cats: 10–20 μg/kg PO q 6–8 hours | μ‐partial agonist Excellent oral absorption (cats) Difficult to reverse |
| Butorphanol | Torbutrol®, Torbugesic‐SA® (Zoetis) | 0.1–0.4 mg/kg IM, IV q 1‐4hours Partial μ reversal: 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IV CRI loading dose: 0.1 mg/kg IV CRI: 0.1–0.4 mg/kg/hours IV | κ‐agonists μ‐antagonist Variable analgesia Sedative and anti‐tussive |
| Fentanyl | Abstral® (Abbott Laboratories) | Dog loading dose: 1–2 μg/kg Dog CRI: 2–5 μg/kg/hours Cat loading dose: 1 μg/kg/hours Cat CRI: 1–4 μg/kg/hours | Can cause SIADH with prolonged use |
| Fentanyl transdermal patch | Duragesic® (Janssen Pharmaceuticals) | Cat or dog < 5 kg: 25 μg patch Dog 5–10 kg: 25 μg patch Dog 10–20 kg: 50 μg patch Dog 20–30 kg: 75 μg patch Dog >30 kg: 100 μg patch | Topical heat can increase absorption Caution for abuse potential/ingestion by children |
| Hydromorphone HCl | Dog: 0.05–0.2 mg/kg IM, SQ, 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IV every q 4–6 hours Cat: 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IM, S, 0.03–0.05 mg/kg IV every q 3–4 hours | IV administration can cause vomiting | |
| Methadone HCl | Dog: 0.1–0.4 mg/kg IV every q 4–6 hours Dog: 0.2–2 mg/kg SQ, IM every q 4–6 hours Cat: 0.05–0.2 mg/kg IV every q 4–6 hours Cat: 0.1–1 mg/kg SQ, IM every q 4–6 hours | Tends to cause less sedation and vomiting than morphine | |
| Morphine (preservative free) | Dog: 0.25–1 mg/kg IM, SQ every q 4–6 hours Cat: 0.05–0.5 mg/kg IM, SQ every q 4–6 hours Loading dose: 0.15–0.5 mg/kg IV CRI: 0.1–1 mg/kg/hour | IV administration must be done slowly to avoid histamine release, IV administration can cause vomiting | |
| Morphine sulfate (with preservative) | Dog: 0.5–2 mg/kg IM, SQ every q 4 hours Cat: 0.05–0.4 mg/kg IM, SQ every q 3–6 hours | ||
| Naloxone | Narcan® (DuPont Pharma) | Opioid reversal: 0.002–0.2 mg/kg IM, IV, SQ | May need to be repeated after 20–30 minutes as required |
| Oxymorphone | Numorphan® (Endo Labs) | Dog: 0.02–0.2 mg/kg IV every q 1–4 hours Dog: 0.05–0.2 mg/kg IM, SQ every q 2–6 hours Cat: 0.01–0.05 mg/kg IV every q 2–4 hours | |
| Lidocaine: | |||
| Lidocaine 1% preservative free | Dog loading dose: 1–2 mg/kg IV Dog CRI: 20–80 μg/kg/minute | Controversial for IV use in cats | |
| NMDA antagonists: | |||
| Ketamine | KetaFlo® (Abbott Laboratories) Ketaset® (Fort Dodge Animal Health) Vetamine® (Schering‐Plough) | Sedation: 2–10 mg/kg IV, IM Loading dose: 0.5–1 mg/kg IV CRI: 0.1–0.6 mg/kg/hour | Caution with hypertension, heart disease Controversial in head trauma, increased ICP/IOP, renal disease (cats) |
| Alpha‐2 Adrenergics | |||
| Dexmedetomidine HCl | Dexdomitor® (Pfizer) | Sedation: 1–10 μg/kg IV, IM Loading dose: 0.5–1 μg/kg IV CRI: 0.25–3 μg/kg/hour | Caution with cardiovascular disease or instability |
| Atipamezole | Antisedan® (Pfizer) | Alpha‐2 Adrenergic reversal: 0.05–0.2 mg/kg IV, IM | Same volume as dexmedetomidine given IM |
| Benzodiazepines: | |||
| Midazolam | 0.1–0.5 mg/kg IM, IV CRI: 0.1–0.5 mg/kg/hour | ||
| Diazepam | 0.1–0.5 mg/kg IV CRI: 0.1–0.5 mg/kg/hour | Propylene glycol vehicle; avoid prolonged IV use or IM injection | |
| Flumazenil | Benzodiazepine reversal: 0.01–0.02 mg/kg IV | May need to be repeated after 20–30 minutes as required | |
| Phenothiazines: | |||
| Acepromazine | Aceproject® (Fort Dodge Animal Health) | 0.005–0.01 mg/kg IV every 4–6 hours 0.01–0.05 mg/kg IM, SQ every 4–6 hours | Caution in hypovolemia Do not exceed 2 mg/kg in large dogs |
| Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: | |||
| Carprofen | Rimadyl® (Pfizer) | Dogs: 2–4 mg/kg IV, SQ (single dose) Dogs: 2 mg/kg PO 12 or 4 mg/kg PO once daily24 hours | IV or SQ should only be given when normothermic/normotensive |
| Deracoxib | Deramaxx® (Novartis) | Dogs: 1–2 mg/kg/day | |
| Meloxicam | Metacam® (Boerhringer Ingelheim) OroCAM® (Abbott Laboratories) | Dogs: 0.1–0.2 mg/kg IV, SQ (single dose) Dogs: 0.1 mg/kg PO or transmucosal once daily | Black box warning for cats Transmucosal oral spray for dogs > 2.5 kg |
| Piroxicam | Feldene® (Pfizer) | Dogs: 0.3 mg/kg PO once daily | |
| Robenacoxib | Onsior® (Novartis) |
Dogs: 2 mg/kg SQ 30 minutes before start of surgery then every q 24 hours for a maximum of 3 days Dogs: 1–2 mg/kg
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