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Oil Processing
Crude Oil Distillation
Properties of Distillation and Fractionator Fractions
Natural Gas Processing: NGL Processing
Centrifugal Pump Design Audits
Design Standards
The Materials of Construction
The Hydraulic Fit
The NPSH Margin [4]
Seal and Seal Flush Design
Challenging Pump Applications
Pumps Operating in Parallel
Pump Liquids with Low Densities
Low NPSH Services
How an Impeller’s Suction Specific Speed Affects the Required NPSH [4]
Pumps Handling a Liquid with Varying Densities
Slurry Pumps [5]
Hot Pumps with Galling Tendencies
Starting Hot Pumps [6]
High Temperature Concerns
Gaskets [7]
O-Rings
How Processing Issues Can Affect Pump Reliability
Summary
Acknowledgement
References
7 Practical Ways to Improve Mechanical Seal Reliability
Seal Reliability Tracking
MTBR Data from Across the Industry
Reliability Tracking Tools
Bad Actors
Mechanical Seal Best Practices
Improved Mechanical Seal Support System Designs [2]
Reducing Potential Leak Points
Simplifying Operation and Maintenance
Building Better Seal Support Systems
Common Mechanical Sealing Design Challenges
Common Considerations for Flush Plans
General Seal Piping Plan Recommendations
Ways to Improve Seal Reliability Performance
Seal Failure Analysis [4]
Common Seal Failure Modes
Seal Failure Inspection Notes
Possible Causes
Meeting with Manufacturer
Writing the Seal Failure Report with Recommendations
Post-Analysis Activities
Justifying Seal Upgrades
Closing Thoughts
References
8 Proven Ways to Improve Steam Turbine Reliability
Repairs versus Overhauls
Expected Lifetimes of Steam Turbines and Their Components
Common Failure Modes
Improvement Reliability by Design
Acknowledgements
9 General Purpose Steam Turbine Reliability Improvement Case Studies
Governor Valve Packing Gland Leakage: Sealing & Reliability Improvements
Steam Turbines Carbon Seals Upgrade to Mechanical Seals
Typical Benefits of Dry Gas Seal in a 1500 HP Turbine
Modification of GP Turbines for Fast Start without Slow Rolling
How the GP Turbine Fast Startup Modification Works
Dry Flexible Metal Coupling Upgrade with Split Spacer, for Short Coupled Turbines with Insufficient Length Coupling Spacers
General Purpose Lube Oil System Upgrade for Self-Contained Bearing Housings to Eliminate Overheating & Bearing Failures
Governor and Trip System Upgrade from Hydraulic to Electronic-Pneumatic
Governor Requirements:
Electronic Governor with Pneumatic Actuator & Pneumatic Trip System
Governor and Trip System Requirements
Overview of All-Electronic Trip and Overspeed Protection System
Outboard Bearing Improved Flex Foot: Higher Turbine Reliability & Lower Vibration
Results
9 Part III: MAINTENANCE BEST PRACTICES 10 Rotating Machinery Repair Best Practices World-Class
