A Companion to Latin American Literature and Culture. Группа авторов

Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу A Companion to Latin American Literature and Culture - Группа авторов страница 19

A Companion to Latin American Literature and Culture - Группа авторов

Скачать книгу

y si el marmol del marmol, pero la literatura es un arte que sabe profetizar aquel tiempo en que habra enmudecido, y encarnizarse con la propia virtud, y enamorarse de la propia disolucion y coretjar su fin” (Borges 1972, 205). Reading the several essays here dedicated to moments when literature’s awareness of itself surges into unprecedented new perceptual coordinates, new narrative forms, unimagined dialogues with and fictionalization of other forms of representation such as cinema, photography, and digitization might provide some sense of the directions that literature, and culture at large, might take in Latin America as it faces not just another imperial thrust from the West but rather the self-claim made by the Chinese with regard to their having become a world power on a par with the West. Will Latin America face yet another cycle of extractive capitalism, as the war for water seems to indicate? How will a new ecological awareness and strategy maneuver the economic, political, and cultural influence of China? What role will the West play in postcolonial spaces as it struggles with the East? This volume certainly opens onto uncharted waters even though it carries the weight of more than 500 years of cultural struggle and creation in “Latin America.”

      References

      1 Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin . The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures . London and New York: Routledge, 1989.

      2 Borges, Jorge Luis . Obras Completas 1923–1972. Buenos Aires: Emece Editores, 1972.

      3 Bush, Matthew and Tania Gentic, Eds. Technology, Literature, and the Digital Culture in Latin America: Mediatized Sensibilities in a Globalized Era. New York: Routledge, 2016.

      4 King, Edward . “Between Street and Book: Textual Assemblages and Urban Topologies in Graphic Fiction from Brazil,” in Latin American Textualities: History, Materiality, and Digital Media. Eds. Heather J. Allen and Andrew R. Reynolds . Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2018.

      5 Mignolo, Walter . Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking: Local Histories/Global Designs. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

      6 Restall, Matthew . When Montezuma Met Cortés: The True Story of the Meeting that Changed History. New York: Harper Collins, 2018.

       Walter D. Mignolo

      I

      After reviewing the Preamble to the Blackwell Companion to Latin American Literature and Culture as well as the chapters from the first edition, a “second thoughts” rather than editing the already printed version would be more appropriate for the occasion. The main factor is that we, on the planet today, are experiencing a change of era. The era that is closing is the era of Westernization of the planet which was formed since 1500. The planet, before 1500, did not “belong” to Europe. After 1500 and until 2000 approximately, Europe appropriated the planet. The Americas and Latin America were invented and appropriated in names, labor, and natural resources to the historical foundation of modernity. The incorporation of the Americas to an already exsisting European cosmo-geography, the constituton of an unipolar world order and the consolidaton of universal reason, theological and secular, are three pillars of Westernizaton.1

      The first edition of the Companion was published in 2008, and the Preamble was written in 2006. In 2021, the cultural configuration of “Latin” America has significantly changed politically and economically: politics and economy are cultural spheres both of the materiality of doing politics and economy as well as of the ideas and designs that guide and govern their doing. culture, with a capital letter, is everything that human beings do with their hands and mouths. With our mouths, we make coded signs called speech; with our hands, visible signs called writing while economy and politics are activities that cannot be separated from what people (us) think economy and politics are, how they shall be practiced, what are the benefits or drawbacks, what they do for us and why we need them. In this regard, thinking is not just a process of mental imagination, but processes that materialize in sounds (speech, discourses, music) and in writing (written words, graphics, images) guiding the interaction among people (all of us) involved in the economic and political spheres.

      Thus, by 2008 the cultural configuration of “Latin” America was coming out of the turbulent era of neo-liberal culture that put a halt to the hopes brought about by the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and the election of Salvador Allende in Chile in 1970. Three years later, 1973 remains as the date of the dreadful beginning of a period in which politics and economics were legitimized, sustained, and promoted by neo-liberal culture until approximately 2000. Since then, the expression “turn to the left” captured the culture of hopes of the first decade of the twenty-first century that appeared to leave behind the nightmare of neo-liberal nightmares and dictatorships.2

      However, by 2011 signs that the turn to the left was a premature and misleading intuition began to emerge: rather than a turn to the left, the signs were indicating a move towards de-Westernization. De-Westernization since then is perhaps what prompted the major turmoil in the political and economic culture in Latin America. I began to sense that in 2011 and published another op-ed suggesting that if it was a turn (both in the sense of turning and in the sense of being next in line), it was neither to the left nor to decolonization but to de-Westernization.3 At that time, the word “de-Westernization” was slowly entering the geo-political vocabulary.

Скачать книгу