style="font-size:15px;"> Richard W. Spinrad and Ian Boyd, “Our Deadened, Carbon-Soaked Seas,” New York Times, October 15, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com. John Ross, “Ex-judge to Investigate Controversial Marine Research,” Times Higher Education, January 8, 2020.
21
“Top 20 Most Destructive California Fires,” California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, August 8, 2019, https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/5511/top20_destruction.pdf.
22
Natacha Larnaud, “ ‘This Will Only Get Worse in the Future’: Experts See Direct Line Between California Wildfires and Climate Change,” CBS News, October 30, 2019, https://www.cbsnews.com.
23
Leonardo DiCaprio (@LeoDiCaprio), “The reason these wildfires have worsened is because of climate change and a historic drought. Helping victims and fire relief efforts in our state should not be a partisan issue,” Twitter, November 10, 2018, 3:32 p.m., https://twitter.com/leodicaprio/status/1061401158856687616.
24
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (@AOC), “This is what climate change looks like. The GOP like to mock scientific warnings about climate change as exaggeration. But just look around: it’s already starting. We have 10 years to cut carbon emissions in half. If we don’t, scenes like this can get much worse. #GreenNewDeal,” Twitter, October 28, 2019, 6:09 a.m., https://twitter.com/aoc/status/1188805012631310336.
25
Farhad Manjoo, “It’s the End of California as We Know It,” New York Times, October 30, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com.
26
Scott Neuman, “Enormous ‘Megafire’ in Australia Engulfs 1.5 Million Acres,” NPR, January 10, 2020, accessed January 15, 2020, https://www.npr.org. “Fathers, son, newlyweds: Nation mourns 29 lives lost to bushfires,” Daily Telegraph, January 22, 2020, https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au.
27
David Wallace-Wells, The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming (New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2019), 16.
28
Pat Bradley, “Leading Environmentalist Reacts to Latest IPCC Report,” WAMC, October 9, 2018, https://www.wamc.org/post/leading-environmentalist-reacts-latest-ipcc-report.
29
Coral Davenport, “Major Climate Report Describes a Strong Risk of Crisis as Early as 2040,” New York Times, October 7, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com.
30
Guardian News, “ ‘I Want You to Panic’: 16-Year-Old Issues Climate Warning at Davos,” YouTube, January 25, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjsLm5PCdVQ.
31
William Cummings, “ ‘The World Is Going to End in 12 Years if We Don’t Address Climate Change,’ Ocasio-Cortez says,” USA Today, January 22, 2019, https://www.usatoday.com.
32
Andrew Freedman, “Climate Scientists Refute 12-Year Deadline to Curb Global Warming,” Axios, January 22, 2019, https://www.axios.com.
33
Ibid.
34
V. Masson-Delmonte, Panmao Zhai, Hans-Otto Pörtner et al., eds, Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2018, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf.
35
Liz Kalaugher, “Scientist or Climate Activist – Where’s the Line?” Physics World, September 20, 2019, https://physicsworld.com/a/climate-scientist-or-climate-activist-wheres-the-line.
36
Kerry Emanuel (climate scientist, MIT) in discussion with the author, November 15, 2019.
37
Andrew Freedman, “Climate Scientists Refute 12-Year Deadline to Curb Global Warming,” Axios, January 22, 2019, https://www.axios.com.
38
Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, “Global Deaths from Natural Disasters,” Our World in Data, accessed October 25, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/natural-disasters. Data published by EMDAT (2019): OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium. Data for individual years are summed over ten-year intervals from first to last year of each calendar decade.
39
Giuseppe Formetta and Luc Feyen, “Empirical Evidence of Declining Global Vulnerability to Climate-Related Hazards,” Global Environmental Change 57 (July 2019): article 101920, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.05.004.
40
“Sea Level Change: Scientific Understanding and Uncertainties,” in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, edited by Thomas F. Stocker, Dahe Quin, Gian-Kasper Plattner et al., Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL.pdf, 47–59.
41
The Zuidplaspolder in the western Netherlands is 6.76m below sea level. The IPCC in its Medium scenario (RCP4.5) predicts a 0.39m median sea level rise from a 1990 baseline through year 2200.
42
“Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100,” Dutch Water Sector, May 20, 2019, https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/bangladesh-delta-plan-2100; “Deltaplan Bangladesh,” Deltares, https://www.deltares.nl/en/projects/deltaplan-bangladesh-2.
43
Jon. E. Keeley (U.S. Geological Survey scientist), in discussion with the author, November 4, 2019; Jon. E. Keeley and Alexandra Syphard, “Different historical fire – climate patterns in California,”International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 4 (January 2017): 253, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF16102.
44
Alexandra D. Syphard, John E. Keeley, Anne H. Pfaff, and Ken Ferschweiler, “Human Presence Diminishes the Importance of Climate
