Поля крови. Религия и история насилия. Карен Армстронг
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58
Эпос о Гильгамеше, 1.2.23. см.: перевод Митчелла и поправки в: Andrew George, trans., The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem in Akkadian and Sumerian (London, 1999)
59
George, Epic of Gilgamesh, p. xlvi
60
John Keegan, A History of Warfare (London, 1993), pp. 126–30; Robert L. O’Connell, Ride of the Second Horseman: The Birth and Death of War (New York and Oxford, 1995), pp. 88–89
61
R. M. Adams, Heartlands of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlements and Land Use on the Central Floodplains of the Euphrates (Chicago, 1981), pp. 60, 244; William H. McNeill, Plagues and People (London, 1994), p. 47
62
McNeill, Plagues and People, pp. 54–55
63
Gerhard E. Lenski, Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification (Chapel Hill and London, 1966), p. 228
64
A. L. Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization (Chicago, 1977), pp. 82–83; O’Connell, Ride of Second Horseman, pp. 93–95
65
Samuel N. Kramer, Sumerian Mythology: A Study of the Spiritual and Literary Achievement of the Third Millennium BC (Philadelphia, 1944), p. 118. [Цит. по изд.: Крамер С. История начинается в Шумере. – М.: Наука, 1965. – Прим. пер.]
66
Ibid., с. 145. [Цит. по изд.: Крамер С. История начинается в Шумере. – М.: Наука, 1965. – Прим. пер.]
67
Gottwald, The Politics of Ancient Israel (Louisville, 2001), pp. 118–19
68
O’Connell, Ride of Second Horseman, pp. 91–92
69
Georges Dumézil, The Destiny of the Warrior, trans. Alf Hiltebeitel (Chicago and London, 1969), p. 3
70
Thorkild Jacobsen, ‘The Cosmos as State’, in H. and H. A. Frankfort, eds, The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man: An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East (Chicago, 1946), pp. 148–51
71
Эпос о Гильгамеше, 1.2.1
72
Более подробно об этом см.: мою книгу: Армстронг К. Краткая история мифа. – М.: Открытый мир, 2005.
73
Jacobsen, ‘Cosmos as State’, pp. 145–48; 186–97; George, Epic of Gilgamesh, pp. xxxvii – xxxviii
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Jacobsen, ‘Cosmos as State’, pp. 186–91; Tammi J. Schneider, An Introduction to Ancient Mesopotamian Religion (Grand Rapids, Mich. & Cambridge, UK, 2011), pp. 66–79; George, Epic of Gilgamesh, pp. xxxviii – xxxix
75
Schneider, Introduction, p. 5; Jacobsen, ‘Cosmos as State’ p. 203
76
John Kautsky, The Politics of Aristocratic Empire, 2nd. ed., pp. 15–16; 107
77
Thomas Merton, Faith and Violence (Notre Dame, Ind., 1968), pp. 7–8
78
Walter Benjamin, ‘Theses on the Philosophy of History’, in Illuminations (London, 1999), p. 248
79
Max Weber, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, trans. A. M. Henderson & Talcott Parsons (New York, 1947), pp. 341–48
80
Эпос о Гильгамеше, 1.2.24–26
81
Сказание об Атрахасисе, 1.1. Здесь и далее см.: английский перевод в: Stephanie Dalley, Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others (Oxford and New York, 1989), p. 10. [Здесь и далее перевод В. Афанасьевой. Цит. по изд.: Я открою тебе сокровенное слово: литература Вавилонии и Ассирии / Сост. В. Афанасьева и И. Дьяконова. – М.: Художественная литература, 1981. – Прим. пер.]
82
Ibid., 1.38–39
83
Ibid., 1.146–149
84