Как появилась Вселенная? Большие и маленькие вопросы о космосе. Крис Ферри

Скачать книгу

обсуждение может быть “Cosmology and the Origin of the Universe: Historical and Conceptual Perspectives”, by Helge Kragh (arXiv preprint, 2017, https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.00726); книга Teh Cosmic Revolutionary’s Handbook: (Or: How to Beat the Big Bang) by Luke A. Barnes and Geraint F. Lewis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020) иллюстрирует использование учёными наблюдений Вселенной для раскрытия её внутренних механизмов.

      7

      Откуда мы знаем, что во Вселенной два триллиона галактик: Научно-популярное освещение этого вопроса см. Ethan Siegel, “Tih s Is How We Know Teh re Are Two Trillion Galaxies in the Universe”, Forbes, October 18, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/ sites/ startswithabang/2018/10/18/this-is-how-we-know-there-are-two-trillion-galaxies-in-the-Universe.

      8

      Кто открыл расширение Вселенной: как мы уже сказали, история науки – вещь запутанная, и вопрос, кому принадлежит пальма первенства в открытии расширения Вселенной, далеко не простой. Он прояснён в работе Harry Nussbaumer and Lydia Bieri, “Who Discovered the Expanding Universe?” (arXiv preprint, January 16, 2012, https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.2281v3).

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

Скачать книгу