which was subsequently reflected in the struggle for independence. Difficult living conditions contributed to the development of new forms of self-government and the strengthening of local principalities.
The Mongol invasion became a catalyst for the formation of new social and cultural realities. The Russian lands began to unite, realizing the need for a joint struggle against an external enemy. This realization became the basis for further unification of the Russian lands.
1.3. The Moscow Principality and the Unification of Russia
In the XIV – XV centuries, the Moscow Principality became the center of unification of Russian lands. This time is characterized by the strengthening of the centralization of power, as well as the development of culture and education. The Moscow princes, gradually accumulating forces and resources, began the process of uniting the disparate Russian principalities.
The key event of this period was the liberation from the Mongol-Tatar yoke at the end of the XV century. In 1480, after standing on the Ugra, Prince Ivan III of Moscow was able to defend the independence of Russia and assert his authority. This moment became a symbol of liberation and the beginning of a new era in the history of Russia.
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