describe potential pitfalls or dangers. If you fail to heed a warning, you may end up spending a lot of time recovering from a bug, or you may even end up restoring your entire system from scratch.
Sidebar
A sidebar is like a note but longer. The information in a sidebar is useful, but it doesn't fit into the main flow of the text.
Real World Scenario
A real-world scenario is a type of sidebar that describes a task or example that's particularly grounded in the real world. This may be a situation we or somebody we know has encountered, or it may be advice on how to work around problems that are common in real-world, working Linux environments.
Exercise
An exercise is a procedure that you should try on your own computer to help you learn about the material in the chapter. Don't limit yourself to the procedures described in the exercises though! Try other commands and procedures to truly learn about Linux.
The Exam Objectives
Behind every computer industry exam, you can be sure to find exam objectives – the broad topics in which exam developers want to ensure your competency. The official exam objectives are listed here. (They're also printed at the start of the chapters in which they're covered.)
Exam objectives are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at CompTIA's sole discretion. Please visit CompTIA's website (www.CompTIA.org) for the most current listing of exam objectives.
www.CompTIA.org)Exam LX0-103 Objectives
Following are the areas in which you must be proficient in order to pass the LX0-103 exam. This exam is broken into four topics (101–104), each of which has three to eight objectives. Each objective has an associated weight, which reflects its importance to the exam as a whole. The four main topics are as follows:
101 System Architecture
101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings ( Chapter 3 )
● Enable and disable integrated peripherals
● Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards
● Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices
● Know the differences between coldplug and hotplug devices
● Determine hardware resources for devices
● Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g., lsusb, lspci, etc.)
● Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices
● Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev, hald, dbus
● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: /sys, /proc, /dev, modprobe, lsmod, lspci, lsusb
101.2 Boot the system ( Chapter 5 )
● Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time
● Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion
● Understanding of SysVinit and systemd
● Awareness of Upstart
● Check boot events in the log file
● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: dmesg, BIOS, bootloader, kernel, init, initramfs, SysVinit, systemd
101.3 Change runlevels/boot targets and shutdown or reboot system ( Chapter 5 )
● Set the default runlevel or boot target
● Change between runlevels/boot targets, including single user mode
● Shutdown and reboot from the command line
● Alert users before switching runlevels/boot targets or other major system events
● Properly terminate processes
● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: /etc/inittab, shutdown, init, /etc/init.d, telinit, systemd, systemctl, /etc/systemd/, /usr/lib/systemd/, wall
102 Linux Installation and Package Management
102.1 Design hard disk layout ( Chapter 3 )
● Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks
● Tailor the design to the intended use of the system
● Ensure that the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting
● Knowledge of basic features of LVM
● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: / (root) filesystem, /var filesystem, /home filesystem, /boot filesystem, swap space, mount points, partitions
102.2 Install a boot manager ( Chapter 5 )
● Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options
● Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy
● Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2
● Interact with the boot loader
● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: /boot/grub/menu.lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf, grub-install, grub-mkconfig, MBR
102.3 Manage shared libraries ( Chapter 2 )
● Identify shared libraries
● Identify the typical locations of system libraries
● Load shared libraries
