global connectivity and new forms of analytics to drive business insights. Today, most organizations are retiring leaders from the Industrial Age while trying to maximize the potential of the Information Age. This changing of the guard is not easy.
Impact of the Information Age on Metrics and Corporate Performance
This shift was a fundamental change at the core of the organization with intense repercussions:
What drives value. In the Information Age, companies are wired differently. Products and services are enhanced by data. OnStar differentiated General Motors while Pandora redefined the music experience. Around us today, digital data transmission improves the value of molecules and atoms. As a result, manufacturing is more information-intensive with less labor and capital dependency. Ironically, workers are more productive today, yet their wage rates are less. Market drivers are constantly changing. Metrics are more complex.
Redefinition of management principles. In the traditional management models of the Industrial Age, investments in people were the primary predictors of a new venture's future performance. This is not so today. It is now possible for a group of relatively inexperienced people – as demonstrated by Facebook, Microsoft, and Twitter – with limited capital, to succeed on a large scale. Metrics help to ignite groups of people to action.
Global workers. As connectivity has removed the friction from borders, workers now compete in a global economy. For example, in the United States, from January 1972 to August 2010, the number of people employed in manufacturing positions fell from 17,500,000 to 11,500,000 while manufacturing value rose 270 percent.2 In the next decade this pattern will continue. Metrics have different definitions in different countries. With language and cultural issues, it is critical that the metrics are simple and clearly communicated.
Redefinition of the office. More and more employees telecommute. The water cooler is now a virtual experience. In 2012, 2.6 percent of the U.S. employee workforce (3.3 million people, not including the self-employed or unpaid volunteers) considers their home as their primary place of work.3 As a result, it is more important for companies to have metric dashboards. Leadership teams have to focus more energy on the communication of goals and results. Organizational alignment is more difficult.
Management of the global company. Over the past decade companies have become global. However, companies define “global” differently. While each organization we study defines global governance models slightly differently, they will all agree that the management of a global organization is growing increasingly more difficult. The definitions of regional/global governance, and the evolution of KPIs for a global organization, are critical elements to manage a successful global organization.
Processes that have not caught up with the change in technology. Our technologies are digital. Our processes are not. While the cost of computing has moved from $222 to $.06 per million transistors and storage costs have moved from $569 to $.03 per gigabyte of storage, and Internet bandwidth has improved from $1,245 to $23 per megabits per second, the organization's operational processes remain relatively unchanged.4 Most companies have digital technologies with analog-based processes. We have not redefined metrics based on what is possible. New possibilities abound. The impact of less data latency and increasing capabilities of mobility and sensor data offer a wealth of opportunities.
Proliferation of data and a need for insights. We are living in the Information Age. Data abounds. Global connectivity transcends borders. Third-generation analytic systems improve workflows. Real-time data is now possible. Yet, as shown in Figure 1.7, companies struggle to use data. Employees cannot get the data that they need. It is their number-one business issue. As a result, metrics need to be defined very clearly while understanding the limitations in data availability.
Figure 1.7 Employees within Corporations Struggle to Get the Right Data
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