sales (0 to 20,000 dollars, intervals of 10,000) for consumer, corporate, and home office."/>Figure 1.31 Dot plot.
Choropleth Map
A choropleth (also known as a filled) map (see Figure 1.32) uses differences in shading or coloring within predefined areas to indicate the values or categories in those areas.
Figure 1.32 Choropleth map.
Symbol Map
A symbol map (see Figure 1.33) shows values in specific places. These could be the center points of large regions (e.g., the center of each U.S. state) or specific locations determined by an exact latitude/longitude measurement.
Figure 1.33 Symbol map.
Avoid pie charts
Why isn't there a pie chart? Pie charts are common charts, but they are flawed. We don't recommend you use them. Check out the section titled “When Our Visual Processing System Betrays Us” for details.
Table
Sometimes you do need to be able to look up exact values. A table (see Figure 1.34) is an acceptable way to show data in that situation. On most dashboards, a table shows details alongside summary charts.
Figure 1.34 Table.
Highlight Table
Adding a color encoding to your tables can transform them into highly visual views that also enable exact lookup of any value. (see Figure 1.35.)
Figure 1.35 Highlight table.
Bullet Graph
A bullet graph (see Figure 1.36) is one of the best ways to show actual versus target comparisons. The blue bar represents the actual value, the black line shows the target value, and the areas of gray shading are performance bands.
Figure 1.36 Table.
When Our Visual Processing System Betrays Us
We have talked about how to use preattentive attributes to craft good data visualizations. By using those attributes, we can use the power of our visual system to our advantage. Unfortunately, our visual system also can be confused easily. In this section, we look at some common pitfalls.
Our eyes can be fooled in countless different ways. Figures 1.37 and 1.38 show two optical illusions.
Figure 1.37 Is it a duck or a rabbit?
Source: Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=667017
In Figure 1.38, the top appears to be a well-lit gray surface and the bottom appears to be a poorly lit white surface that is in shadow. However, there is no shadow. Dr. Lotto added the gradient and shadows to the image. Our minds can't help but to see the shadow, making the top appear to be much darker than the bottom, but if you cover up the middle of the image, it becomes clear that the top and the bottom are exactly the same color.
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