credit. The two men disliked each other intensely.
When Mithridates rebelled against Roman occupation in the east, both Marius and Sulla wanted to move against him, seeing the campaign as an easy one and a chance to gain great riches. In part from personal motives, Sulla led his men against Rome and Marius in 88 BC, claiming that he would ‘free it from tyrants’. Marius was forced to flee to Africa, returning later with the army he had gathered there. The Senate were simply unable to cope with such powerful leaders and allowed him back, declaring Sulla an enemy of the state while he was away fighting Mithridates. Marius was elected Consul for the last time, but died during his term, leaving the dithering Senate in a difficult situation. They sought peace at first, but Sulla was in a strong position, after a crushing victory in Greece. He did let Mithridates live, but confiscated vast wealth, looting ancient treasures. I compressed these years, having Marius dying in the first attack, which may be an unfairly quick ending for such a charismatic man.
When Sulla returned from the Greek campaign, he led his armies to quick victory against those loyal to the Senate, finally marching on the city again in 82 BC. He demanded the role of Dictator and it was in this role that he met Julius Caesar for the first time, brought before Sulla as one of those who had supported Marius. Despite the fact that Julius flatly refused to divorce Cornelia, Sulla did not have him killed. The Dictator is reported to have said that he saw ‘Many Mariuses in this Caesar’, which if true is something of an insight into the man's character, as I hope I have explored in this book.
Sulla's time as Dictator was a brutal period for the city. The unique position he held and abused had been designed as an emergency measure for times of war, similar in concept to Martial Law in modern democracies. Before Sulla, the strictest time limits had accompanied the title, but he managed to avoid these restrictions and scored a fatal wound on the Republic by doing so. One of the laws he passed forbade armed forces approaching the city, even for the traditional Triumph parades. He died aged sixty and for a while it looked as if the Republic might flower again into its old strength and authority. In Greece at this time, aged twenty-two, there was a young man called Caesar who would make this impossible. After all, Marius and Sulla had shown the fragility of the Republic when faced with determined ambition. We can only speculate how the young Caesar was affected when he saw Marius say, ‘Make room for your general,’ and watched the jostling crowd cut down in full view of the senate house.
The histories of these characters, especially those written shortly after the period, by Plutarch and Suetonius, make astonishing reading. In researching the life of Caesar, the question that kept coming up was ‘How did he do that?’ How did a young man recover from the disaster of being on the losing side in a civil war to the point where his very surname came to mean king? Both Tsar and Kaiser are derived from that name and were still being used two thousand years later.
The histories can be a little bare at times, though I would recommend Caesar by Christian Meier to any reader interested in the details I had to omit here. There are so many fascinating incidents in this life that it has been a great pleasure putting flesh to them. The events of the second book are even more astonishing.
C. Iggulden
Without the help and support of a number of people, this book would never have been started or finished. I would like to thank Victoria, who has been a constant source of help and encouragement. Also, the editors at HarperCollins, who steered it through the process without too much pain. Any mistakes that remain are, unfortunately, my own.
Also, Richard, who helped to cook the raven and made Marcus possible. Finally, my wife Ella, who had more faith than I did and made the way seem easy.
EMPEROR
THE DEATH OF KINGS
CONN IGGULDEN
This novel is entirely a work of fiction. The names, characters and incidents portrayed in it, while based on historical events, are the work of the author's imagination.
Published by HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF
Copyright © Conn Iggulden 2004
Conn Iggulden asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
This novel is entirely a work of fiction. The names, characters and incidents portrayed in it are the work of the author's imagination. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, events or localities is entirely coincidental.
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Ebook Edition © 2009 ISBN: 9780007321766
Version: 2017-08-18
To my father, who recited ‘Vital Lampada’ with a gleam in his eye. Also to my mother, who showed me that history was a collection of wonderful stories, with dates.
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