87, 123–24 («profits of petroleum» and «assailed Congress»), chap. 9.
15
Giddens, Birth of the Oil Industry, p. 137 («smells»); William С Darrah, Pithole: The Vanished City (Gettysburg, Pa., 1972), pp. 34–35 («liquor and leases» and «vile liquor»), 230–31; Giddens, American Petroleum Industry, p. 21 (song titles); Paul H. Giddens, Early Days of Oil: A Pictorial History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1948), p. 17 («Oil on the brain»).
16
Williamson and Daum, Age of Illumination, pp. 375–77, 759 («hidden veins»), app. E; August W. Giebelhaus, Business and Government in the Oil Industry: A Case Study of Sun Oil, 1876–1945 (Greenwich: JAI Press, 1980), p. 2.
17
Andrew Cone and Walter R. Johns, Petrolia: A Brief History of the Pennsylvania Petroleum Region (New York: D. Appleton, 1870), pp. 99–100 («Oil Creek mud»); Henry, Early and Later History of Petroleum, p. 286; Giddens, Birth of the Oil Industry, pp. 125–26 («oil and land excitement»); Samuel W. Tait, Jr., The Wildcatters: An Informal History of Oil-Hunting in America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), pp. 26–31.
18
John J. McLaurin, Sketches in Crude Oil, 3rd ed. (Franklin, Penn., 1902), 3d ed., pp. 316–21; Giddens, Birth of the Oil Industry, pp. 182–83 («favorite speculative commodity»); John H. Barbour, «Sketch of the Pittsburgh Oil Exchange,» Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 11 (July 1928), pp. 127–43.
19
John D. Rockefeller, Random Reminiscences of Men and Events (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1909), p. 81 («I'll go no higher»); Allan Nevins, Study in Power: John D. Rockefeller, Industrialist and Philanthropist (New York: Scribners, 1953), vol. 1, pp. 35–36 («I ever point»). Nevins remains the standard biographical source.
20
David Freeman Hawke, John D.: The Founding Father of the Rockefellers (New York: Harper & Row, 1980), pp. 2–6, 27; Grace Goulder, John D. Rockefeller: The Cleveland Years (Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1972), p. 10 («trade with the boys»); John K. Winkler, John D.: A Portrait in Oils (New York: Vanguard Press, 1929), p. 14; Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, pp. 10–14 («something big» and «methodical»); Rockefeller, Random Reminiscences, p. 46 («intimate conversations»).
21
Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, p. 19 («Great Game»); Rockefeller, Random Reminiscences, pp. 81 («All sorts»), 21 («bookkeeper»); John Ise, The United States Oil Policy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1928), pp. 48–49.
22
Edward N. Akin, Flagler: Rockefeller Partner and Florida Baron (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1988), pp. 3–18, 19 («competition» and «Keep your head»), 27 («A friendship»); Rockefeller, Random Reminiscences, pp. 11 («vim and push»), 13 («walks»), 19; John T. Flynn, God's Gold: The Story of Rockefeller and His Times (London: George Harrap & Co., 1933), p. 172 («bold, unscrupulous»); John W. Martin, Henry M. Flagler (1830–1913): Florida's East Coast Is His Monument! (New York: Newcomen Society, 1956), pp. 8–11 («American Riviera»).
23
John G. McLean and Robert W. Haigh, The Growth of Integrated Oil Companies (Boston: Harvard Business School, 1954), pp. 59–63; W. Trevor Halliday, John D. Rockefeller (1839–1937): Industrial Pioneer and Man (New York: Newcomen Society, 1948), p. 14 («standard quality»); Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, pp. 80–83 («Who would ever»), 97 («independently rich»), 99–100 («idea was mine»); Hawke, John D., pp. 44–46, 54 («independence of woman»), Dictation by Mr. Rockefeller, June 7, 1904, Rockefeller family, JDR, Jr., Business Interviews, Box 118, «S.O. Company – Misc.» folder, Rockefeller archives («It was desirable»).
24
Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, pp. 107 («crudest»), 117 («Monster» and «Forty Thieves»), 128, 114–15 («newspaper articles» and «private contracts»), 104 («try our plan»), 172 («mining camp»); Chester McArthur Destler, Roger Sherman and the Independent Oil Men (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1967), pp. 28, 34 («but one buyer»), 37 («dry up Titusville»).
25
David Freeman Hawke, ed., John D. Rockefeller Interview, 1917–1920: Conducted by William O. Inglis (Westport, Conn, Meckler Publishing, 1984), pp. 4 («cut-throat»), 6 («safe and profitable»); Hawke, John D., pp. 79 («war or peace»), 106 («good sweating»), 170 («brass band»); Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, pp. 216 («feel sick»), 224 («barrel famine»), 223 («Morose»); Akin, Flagler, p. 67 («blankets»); McLean and Haigh, Integrated Oil, p. 63.
26
Archbold to Rockefeller, September 2, 1884, Box 51, Archbold folder (1.51.379), Business Interests, 1879–1894, RG 1.2, Rockefeller archives; Jerome Thomas Bentley, «The Effects of Standard Oil's Vertical Integration into Transportation on the Structure and Performance of the American Petroleum Industry, 1872–1884» (Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh, 1976), p. 27.
27
Archbold to Rockefeller, August 15, 1888, Box 51, Archbold folder (1.51.378), Business Interests, 1879–1894, RG 1.2, Rockefeller archives; Destler, Roger Sherman, pp. 85 («overweening»), 95 («Autocrat»), 132 («gang of thieves»); Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, p. 337 («Rockefeller will get you»).
28
Interview with Mr. Rogers, 1903, T-003, Tarbell papers («every foot» and inheritance); Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, pp. 132–34 («pleasant» and «clamorer»); С. Т. White folder (87.1.59), Box 134, Business Interests, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., papers, Rockefeller archives (stockholding); Ralph W. Hidy and Muriel E. Hidy, History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) vol. 1, Pioneering in Big Business, 1882–1911 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1955), p. 6 («You gentlemen»).
29
Flynn, God's Gold, p. 131 («everything count»); Standard Oil – Rachel Crothers Group, T-014, Tarbell papers (espionage); Halliday, Rockefeller, p. 20; Hawke, John D., p. 50 («Hope if»); Rockefeller, Random Reminiscences, pp. 6 («not… easiest of tasks»), 10 («just how fast»); Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, p. 324 («smarter than I»).
30
Goulder, Rockefeller, p. 223 («wise old owl»); Nevins, Study in Power, vol. 1, pp. 331, 326 («expose as little»), 157 («wonder how old»), 337 («anxiety»), 328 («ten letters»); vol. 2, p. 427 («unemotional man»); Ida M. Tarbell, The History of the Standard Oil Company (New York: McClure, Phillips & Company, 1904), vol. 1, pp. 105–06.
31
