measure of the number of states and ways in which a dynamic system can move, whether this “motion” is considered in physical space or in an abstract space of configurations.
Overall, the key steps in specifying an effective field theory consist of defining (1) the system, (2) the system elements and interactions, (3) the variables of interest, (4) the irrelevant structure that can be ignored, and (5) the quantitative metrics that can be averaged over the system to produce a temperature-type term. Applying the effective field theory development technique to the smart network context, the idea is to consider the different levels and dimensions of the system, and identify the elements, interactions, and relevant quantities to calculate in order to obtain the system behavior. This is developed in more detail in Chapters 11 and 12.
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Chapter 3
Quantum Computing: Basic Concepts
… it seems that the laws of physics present no barrier to reducing the size of computers until bits are the size of atoms, and quantum behavior holds sway
— Richard P. Feynman (1985)
Abstract
Quantum computing is a research frontier in physical science with a focus on developing information
