San Francisco — January – June, 1852
San Francisco — March-December, 1852
California Gold Rush Journal
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
From the Author’s private collection, some of which were donated to Le Musée du Nouveau Monde in La Rochelle, France.
3. “HANGING OF JAMES STUART,” 1851.
6. “AH TOY’S LILLY-BOUND FEET AND SHOES,” litho c. 1850.
7. “LIKENESS OF MRS. GEMMER,” litho c. 1851.
8. A trade card for “MRS. WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYRUP.” c. 1880.
9. “THE LINE AT THE POST OFFICE ON PORTSMOUTH SQUARE,” 1851.
10. “THE HANGING OF WHITTAKER and MCKENZIE,” 1851.
11. “LIKENESS OF JOSEPHINE ARRAS,” 1851.
12. “LOTTERY OF THE GOLDEN INGOTS,” 1851 (museum collection).
13. “FRENCH BOOT-BLACKS,” 1851.
14. “DEPARTURE OF A STEAMSHIP,” 1851.
15. “SAN CARLOS FORT, LAKE NICARAGUA,” 1851.
16. “HARBOR AT SAN JUAN, NICARAGUA,” 1851.
17. “CARRIAGE FROM THE PIROGUE AND MULE TRANSPORT IN FROM LAKE NICARAGUA,” 1851.
18. “STEAMER TAKING ON COAL ON THE PACIFIC COAST,” 1851.
20. “MAP OF THE SOUTHERN PLACERS,” 1851.
21. “STREET SCENES IN SAN FRANCISCO — WIND AND MUD,” 1850-51.
22. “DIGGER INDIANS IN NATIVE TO WESTERN ATTIRE,” 1851.
California Gold Rush Journal
INTRODUCTION
Berkeley, California — January 2015
The first half of 1851 proved to be traumatic for merchants and miners alike as told in Gold Fever Part I. San Francisco had been torched twice in six weeks, once in May and again in June. Wood-framed, redwood houses, shops, stores, saloons, theatres, many wharves and most warehouses and gambling palaces burned quickly and thoroughly given the density of buildings cramped together on small lots. Most brick buildings were gutted as well when their wooden porticos, balconies and roofs fueled the firestorm. Lack of water and poorly-equipped and inadequately-placed fire fighting companies could not contain the infernos. San Francisco’s downtown commercial center was effectively destroyed. Even City Hall, police stations, and jails were not spared.
San Francisco was at a crossroads. Merchants with gold reserves could and did rebuild immediately. Many others, without means, folded and were forced to sell their lots for tickets home. With considerable gold still arriving daily from the mines, surviving merchants made windfall profits. But the fires and lack of prosecution of arsonists, looters and robbers by corrupt and inept civil authorities left the survivors angry and determined to root out the perpetrators who had sought to destroy commerce for short term gain. While most fingers pointed to the complicity of the notorious “Sydney Ducks,” former and escaped felons from Australia’s penal colonies, there was little concrete proof to support allegations.
Fear that chaos would rule and rebuilding would spark even more attacks on uninsurable premises persuaded most citizens and merchants to support the Committee of Vigilance and take the lawless city into their own hands. Thus, the scene was set for a protracted conflict between feeble and often compromised civil authorities and members of the Committee of Vigilance to impose order and bring to justice the arsonists and looters who had effectively sacked the city.
With
