316
Arenas of Interaction: The Armed Services / 318
Arenas of Interaction: The Workplace / 319
Arenas of Interaction: Labor Unions and Social Service Agencies / 321
The American Multiethnic Consciousness / 323
17. The Kashaya and the Nyingma: Identities and Boundaries / 326
Permeable Ethnic Boundaries and Intermarriage / 327
The Reconfiguration of Ethnicity: Social Pressures and Individual Choice / 331
18. “The Wish of the Founding Fathers”: Third World Immigrants Embrace the Civic Culture / 340
Ethnic-Americanization: Religious, Fraternal, and Economic Associations / 342
Ethnic-Americanization and Ethnic Politics / 344
Cuban-Americans and the Civic Culture / 349
Haitian-Americans and the Civic Culture / 351
Indo-Chinese-Americans and the Civic Culture / 353
19. “All These … Are the Life Blood of America”: Celebrating Diversity / 359
Celebrating Diversity: Special Events of the 1980s / 365
Reinforcing the Unum: Immigrants Teach the Nation / 368
20. Xenophobia, Racism, and Bigotry: Conflict in the Kaleidoscope / 372
Hostility Toward Immigrants / 372
Blacks Versus Whites / 375
Changing Anti-Semitism / 377
FIVE. PLURALISM, PUBLIC POLICY, AND THE CIVIC CULTURE, 1970–1989 / 381
21. “Equal and Exact Justice”: The Civil Rights Compact / 384
The Civil Rights Compact and the Reagan Administration / 385
The Civil Rights Compact and the Courts / 388
The Civil Rights Compact and the Congress / 390
The Civil Rights Compact and Bigotry-Motivated Crimes / 391
The Civil Rights Compact: Education and Mediation / 395
Pluralism and the Etiquette of Public Discourse in the Civic Culture / 397
Expiating Past Bigotry: Symbolic Gestures / 403
22. “To Get Beyond Racism”: Integrating Education and Housing / 405
The Debate Over Counting by Race / 405
Counting by Race and Public School Desegregation / 409
Counting by Race and Integrating Housing / 416
23. “To Get Beyond Racism”: Political Access and Economic Opportunity / 425
Counting by Race and Equal Rights in Politics / 425
Counting by Race and Making a Living / 430
The Supreme Court on Counting by Race / 433
When Counting by Race Is Permissible / 434
When Counting by Race Is Impermissible / 438
The Results of Counting by Race / 442
Counting by Race and the Civic Culture / 444
Counting by Race and the Problem of Standards / 450
Who Should Be the Beneficiaries of Affirmative Action? / 453
24. Respecting Diversity, Promoting Unity: The Language Issue / 458
Linguistic Nationalism Versus Linguistic Pluralism / 460
The Civic Culture and Bilingual Education / 465
The Language Problem in Justice, Safety, Health, and Welfare / 469
The Importance of English in the Civic Culture / 470
25. Questions of Membership: Who Are the Outsiders? / 474
U.S. Immigration Policy in Contrast with Other Western Nations / 475
Blurring Distinctions Between Aliens and Citizens: Making Membership More Inclusive / 477
The New Black Middle Class / 482
The Black Urban Underclass / 484
The Puerto Rican Underclass / 489
Who Are the Outsiders? / 492
