14 What constitutes ‘the agrarian’ in rural Eastern Cape African settlements?
Paul Hebinck and Wim van Averbeke
Klara Jacobson
16 The Massive Food Production Programme: does it work?
Zamile Madyibi
Henning de Klerk
18 Cultivators in action, Siyazondla inaction? Trends and potentials in homestead cultivation
Derick Fay
19 Smallholder irrigation schemes as an agrarian development option for the Cape region
Wim van Averbeke and Jonathan Denison
20 Cattle and rural development in the Eastern Cape: the Nguni project revisited
Ntombekhaya Faku and Paul Hebinck
Tables and figures
Table 8.1 Survive land reform beneficiaries
Table 14.1 Relative contribution of various sources of income to total income and number of homesteads deriving income from these sources, Guquka and Koloni, 1996 and 2010
Table 14.2 Participation rates (%) of homesteads in various agrarian activities through material benefits derived from these activities, Guquka and Koloni, 1996 and 2010
Table 14.3 Livestock numbers and ownership (%), Guquka and Koloni, 1996 and 2010
Table 16.1 Production trends (maize) of the Majali project
Table 16.2 Production trends (maize) of the Ngxakaxha project
Table 16.3 Production trends of the Ndakana farm project
Table 16.4 Simplified cost-benefit assessment of the MFPP for a five-year period
Table 18.1 Income sources in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.2 Field and garden cultivation in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.3 Reasons reported for disused land in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.4 Crops and cultivation in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.5 Tree crops in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.6 Agricultural work parties in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009
Table 19.1 Typology of South African smallholder irrigation schemes
Table 19.2 Functional subdivision of Ncora irrigation scheme
Figure 3.1 Land reform policy stances in South Africa
Figure 14.1 Livestock numbers in Koloni, 1938–2010
Figure 14.2 Proportion (%) of total number of arable allotments cropped, Guquka and Koloni, 1996–2010
Figure 17.1 The budget for Siyazondla HFPP in Mbhashe, 2004–2011 (R)
Acknowledgements
In the Shadow of Policy is the outcome of a collaborative project called CAPRI (Cape Rural Innovation Project) that was implemented between 2008 and 2012. The project brought together different institutions to discuss and study rural development and to reflect on the role of rural extension in social and economic transformation in post-apartheid South Africa. The focus of the project was on the Cape provinces, Northern, Eastern and Western, and on initiating collaboration between the provincial departments of agriculture and Wageningen University in the Netherlands. The project was initiated by the three departments of agriculture (DOAs). Over time, the project expanded to include collaborators from the University of the Western Cape and Rhodes University. The project was funded by a grant from NUFFIC (Netherlands University Foundation for International Cooperation) which operates under the mandate of the Ministry of Foreign Aid. NUFFIC administers a capacity-building programme (NICHE) from which the CAPRI project received funding.
CAPRI funded the Master’s studies at Wageningen University of nine members of staff of the collaborating DOAs. Two PhD students are currently finishing their theses. Another part of the CAPRI project was to engage with rural extension and its frontline workers. Together with the collaborating DOAs, a rural extension training programme was designed and implemented (‘The Big Five’), training over 1 000 extension officers at diploma level, updating their skills and exploring new forms of rural innovation in South Africa. The core of this book consists of the Master’s and PhD theses of the CAPRI-funded graduates. Additional authors have contributed chapters on topics not covered.
The book could not have been written without the financial support CAPRI received from NUFFIC. Many others need to be mentioned for their valuable role in CAPRI: Marius Paulse, Ruud Ludeman, Nomakhaya Stemele, Joyene Isaacs, Patience Tamba, Gertrude Gayiya and Waldo Weimers. Carin Vijhuizen at NUFFIC needs specific mentioning, as she championed the compilation of this book.
It is equally important to acknowledge Michael Wessels for his enduring support and patience in assisting most of the authors to write their chapters, commenting on style and argumentation, and correcting spelling.
The book was reviewed by two anonymous reviewers whose reflections on the book as a whole and critical comments on individual chapters were most helpful. In addition, Marc Wegerif, Alberto Arce and Jan Douwe van der Ploeg commented on earlier draft versions of various key chapters of the book. Their comments and suggestions have improved the book considerably.
The support and advice rendered by Roshan Cader, commissioning editor for the Wits University Press, has been extremely important. She successfully guided the book through its process from manuscript submission and reviewing, rewriting and final production of the published product.
Acronyms
