from a general purpose computer, or tedious development cycles using embedded controllers, by making embedded control easy and inexpensive: performance and fast iteration at the same time. Expressive actuators like the Haptuator [Yao and Hayward 2010] can be ordered by hobbyists [Tactile Labs 2016] and controlled with audio. Even more recently, WoodenHaptics [WoodenHaptics 2016] gives open-source access to fast laser cutting techniques for force feedback development [Forsslund et al. 2015]. Soon we can expect a marketplace of haptic designs and techniques as already exists for other physical things, further spurring the haptic sharing economy. The benefit to haptic design is incalculable: not only is design democratized, but the ability to quickly explore large design spaces is expanding the gene pool of solution approaches.
However, we can do much better: these platforms require programming, hardware, and haptics expertise, and include inherent time costs like compilation, uploading, and debugging. As we will discuss later, outreach and online communities may help to support hardware platforms.
Browsing and Authoring Tools
As long as designers have considered haptic effects for entertainment media, they have needed compositional tools [Gunther et al. 2002]. A great deal of previous work has focused on how to prototype or author haptic phenomena using nonprogramming methods.
Many user-friendly interfaces help designers create haptic sensations, especially with vibrotactile devices. These tools often resemble familiar audio editors. The Hapticon Editor [Enriquez and MacLean 2003], Haptic Icon Prototyper [Swindells et al. 2006], and posVibEditor [Ryu and Choi 2008] use graphical mathematical representations to edit either waveforms or profiles of dynamic parameters (torque, frequency) over time. The Vibrotactile Score [Lee et al. 2009] is built around a musical schema and was shown to be generally preferable to programming in C and XML, but required familiarity with musical notation [Lee and Choi 2012]. Commercially, Immersion provides two tools: TouchSense Engage is a software solution for developers, while Touch Effects Studio lets users enhance a video from a library of tactile icons supplied on a mobile platform. Vivitouch Studio allows for haptic prototyping of different effects alongside video (screen captures from video games) and audio, and supports features like A/B testing [Swindells et al. 2014], a small-scale version of sharing. Macaron [Macaron 2016], an open-source, online editor [Schneider and MacLean 2016], moves browsing directly into the interface with an example window, facilitating remixes of existing vibrations, and was shown to directly support browsing, sketching, and refining.
Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.
Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».
Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.
Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.
