The sixteenth-century catechisms placed faith at the beginning of the baptismal act. We read, for instance, in the catechism of Dietenberger (1537): “Sacramental baptism demands three important things: faith, water, and the divine Word, and none of these may be lacking. Water and the word do not suffice, the word and water are nothing without faith.
… the Contarini catechism says, referring to St. Thomas: “Sacraments are exterior and sensible signs of the invisible grace which is bestowed through them on account of faith in Christ’s death by which our sins are forgiven.”9
However, by the late sixteenth century and into the first half of the twentieth century, catechisms shifted their focus almost entirely to the objective efficacy of the sacraments and hardly mentioned the personal act of faith. Why the change?
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