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LULA
OF BRAZIL
THE STORY SO FAR
RICHARD BOURNE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY LOS ANGELES
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University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
© 2008 by The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bourne, Richard.
Lula of Brazil : the story so far / Richard Bourne.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: 978-0-520-24663-8 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Lula, 1945- 2. Brazil—Politics and government—2003- 3. Brazil—Politics and government—19852002 4. Presidents—Brazil—Biography. I. Title.
F2538.5.L5B68 2007
981.06092—dc22
[B]
2007024079
Manufactured in the United States of America
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on Natures Book, which contains 50% postconsumer waste and meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).
For Emily, Daniel, Max, James, and Isabel, my grandchildren, who will know another Brazil
CONTENTS
4. Persistent Candidate for the Presidency
7. International and Economic Policy
10. Lula So Far: An Interim Assessment
ILLUSTRATIONS
(following page 162)
1. Approximate birthplace of Lula, Caetés, 2005
2. Lula with Dona Lindu and family on the beach at Santos
3. Lula as a teenager on a soccer team
4. Lula at his wedding to Marisa, 1974
5. Lula at a metalworkers' strike meeting in São Bernardo, 1979
6. Lula at the negotiating table, 1979
7. Killing time playing cards during the 1980 strike
8. Lula with José Dirceu, 2001
9. Lula after voting in the 2002 presidential election
10. Lula with President George W. Bush, 2002
11. Lula with President Fidel Castro at the Havana airport, 2003
12. Lula with Marisa and Oscar Niemeyer outside the Palácio Alvorada, Brasília, 2005
13. Lula with Marisa at the Taj Mahal, 2005
14. Lula with President Hugo Chávez, 2006
PREFACE AND
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I have to start with a confession: I lost my heart to Brazil at the age of nearly twenty-five, in 1965, when I was lucky enough to win a scholarship to spend six months in Brazil, theoretically linked to the Catholic University in Rio de Janeiro but in reality free to work as an independent journalist. The scholarship was awarded by the Brazilian Foreign Ministry, the Itamaraty, and was handled on behalf of the Brazilian Embassy in London by the British Council. At the time, I was a staff reporter for The Guardian, which generously gave me a leave of absence.
The period was exciting for a young journalist interested in politics. The military government that had overthrown
