Understanding Sentence Structure
Sentences are usually ordered the same in Indonesian and English:
Dia membaca buku.
He reads books.
Adjectives (and other descriptive or possessive terms), however, come after the noun:
Nama saya Emily (My name is Emily)
Lit.: Name my Emily
Anjing besar saya (My big dog)
Lit.: Dog big my
Anjing saya besar (My dog (is) big)
Lit.: Dog my big
Note: There is no equivalent to the English word ‘is’:
Anjing saya hitam. My dog (is) black.
Dia guru. He (is) a teacher.
You will notice other subtle differences between Indonesian and English sentence structures as you work with the flash cards.
Indicating ‘When’
Time is not indicated by affixes on the verb like it is for English. An Indonesian verb like makan can mean ‘eat,’ ‘ate’ or ‘will eat,’ depending on the context. Time is instead expressed by specific words or phases, for example:
besok = tomorrow or sometime in the future
kemarin = yesterday
kemarin dulu = previous to yesterday
dulu = sometime past
hari ini = today
Students at this early learning level do not need to be aware of how to express things as being past or future. With no time indicator within the verb itself, students find this early stage of the language very easy.
Addressing People Politely
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