core reading skills should not change as students advance; rather, the level at which they learn and can perform those skills should increase in complexity as students move from one grade to the next.
Key Ideas and Details
This first strand of reading standards emphasizes students’ ability to identify key ideas and themes in a text, whether literary, informational, primary, or foundational and whether in print, graphic, quantitative, or mixed media formats. The focus of this first set of standards is on reading to understand, during which students focus on what the text says. The premise is that students cannot delve into the deeper (implicit) meaning of any text if they cannot first grasp the surface (explicit) meaning of that text. Beyond merely identifying these ideas, readers must learn to see how these ideas and themes, or the story’s characters and events, develop and evolve over the course of a text. Such reading demands that students know how to identify, evaluate, assess, and analyze the elements of a text for their importance, function, and meaning within the text.
Craft and Structure
The second set of standards builds on the first, focusing not on what the text says but how it says it, the emphasis here being on analyzing how texts are made to serve a function or achieve a purpose. These standards ask readers to examine the choices the author makes in words and sentence and paragraph structure and how these choices contribute to the meaning of the text and the author’s larger purpose. Inherent in the study of craft and structure is how these elements interact with and influence the ideas and details outlined in the first three standards.
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
This third strand might be summed up as reading to extend or deepen one’s knowledge of a subject by comparing what a range of sources have said about it over time and across different media. In addition, these standards emphasize the importance of being able to read the arguments; that is, they look at how to identify the claims the texts make and evaluate the evidence used to support those claims regardless of the media. Finally, these standards ask students to analyze the choice of means and medium the author chooses and the effect those choices have on ideas and details. Thus, if a writer integrates words, images, and video in a mixed media text, readers should be able to examine how and why the author did that for stylistic and rhetorical purposes.
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
The Common Core State Standards document itself offers the most useful explanation of what this last standard means in a footnote titled “Note on range and content of student reading,” which accompanies the reading standards:
To become college and career ready, students must grapple with works of exceptional craft and thought whose range extends across genres, cultures, and centuries. Such works offer profound insights into the human condition and serve as models for students’ own thinking and writing. Along with high-quality contemporary works, these texts should be chosen from among seminal U.S. documents, the classics of American literature, and the timeless dramas of Shakespeare. Through wide and deep reading of literature and literary nonfiction of steadily increasing sophistication, students gain a reservoir of literary and cultural knowledge, references, and images; the ability to evaluate intricate arguments; and the capacity to surmount the challenges posed by complex texts. (CCSS 2010, p. 35)
Key Ideas and Details
Reading Standards: Key Ideas and Details
Reading 1: Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.
Literature
6 Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
7 Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
8 Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
History/Social Studies
6 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.
7 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.
8 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.
Informational Text
6 Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
7 Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
8 Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Science/Technical Subjects
6 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts.
7 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts.
8 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts.
Source: Copyright © 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.
Common Core Reading Standard 1: What the Student Does
Literature
6 Gist: Say what happens or is said in the text, citing a piece of evidence from the text that supports your inference.What happens or is said in this text?What piece of evidence supports your inference as to the explicit meaning of the text?
7 Gist: Say what happens or is said in the text, citing several pieces of evidence from the text that support your inferences.What happens or is said in this text?What pieces of evidence support your inference as to the explicit meaning of the text?
8 Gist: Say what happens or is said in the text, citing the strongest, most compelling evidence from the text itself that supports your inferences.What happens or is said in this text?What pieces of evidence provide the strongest support for your inferences?
History/Social Studies
6 Gist: Say what the primary or secondary source says, citing evidence from the text that supports your analysis.Is this a primary or secondary source?What does the text say?What evidence can you cite to support your analysis of
