not because it is primary, but because, today in America, it is largely treated as ancillary. Difficult decisions like these are best made from various sources of input, from our present community, from its leadership, and from our personal convictions as they are informed by the Scriptures.
Chapter 2
An Important Qualification
Baptism is not necessary for salvation, nor does it procure it. Sadly, throughout history, blood has been spilled over this issue. The language of the Bible is gripping and even provocative,3 and one unfortunate result is that erroneous conclusions about baptism have been drawn. Baptism symbolizes a great deal. The powerful descriptions of baptism in the Bible push people to look beyond baptism as symbol to find baptism as salvation. One passage often cited by those who see baptism as a saving act:
“. . . And this water symbolizes baptism that now saves you also—not the removal of dirt from the body but the pledge of a good conscience toward God. It saves you by the resurrection of Jesus Christ.” (1 Peter 3:21)
I must admit, I am often a little perplexed when people point to this verse as a “proof-text” for baptism’s power to save us. In fact, it says explicitly in this verse that baptism, in this context, does not refer to the ritual, the physical act of washing with water, but to the promise, the spiritual reality that salvation has been committed to us through the Resurrection of Jesus.
Sincere Christians are in agreement on this essential issue: the “Good News” of the Gospel is that our salvation is premised on God’s grace and mercy and not our own desire or effort.4 We agree that symbol, rite, and human observance do not merit salvation, only God’s grace does! Baptism, like any other spiritual practice or observance, is done not to earn God’s favor, but rather, to respond to it.
3 See Galatians 3:27.
4 See Titus 3:5.
Chapter 3
Mode and Meaning
Sometimes pastors from other denominations voice their concerns to me about our practice of infant baptism, and their concerns can be lumped into two categories: (1) the mode of infant baptism, and (2) the meaning of infant baptism. The mode refers primarily to how much water is used in the application of baptism. Is water sprinkled over the one receiving the baptism? Or, is it poured? Is the person dipped in water or completely immersed under the water? This booklet will only address the meaning of baptism simply because, in my opinion, the mode of baptism is of little or no consequence. If you agree with me on this point, then feel free to skip over this section, but for those who might not, it is appropriate to offer my rationale, albeit a brief one.
When baptism is mentioned in the New Testament it often involves the subject “going down into the water” (Acts 8:38)5 and “coming up out of the water” (Matthew 3:16). It is only natural that many sincere people assume that this was an act of immersion, and then think that this particular action is normative for the rite of baptism today. 6 After all, if baptism symbolizes being buried with Jesus in death and then raised with him to newness of life,7 then it is only right to assume that immersing someone all the way under the water and then bringing them up again paints the clearest picture.8 Yet, by contrast, in the proper observance of the sacrificial system as outlined in the Old Testament, Israelites were usually identified with the atoning sacrifice that they carried into the Temple by having the blood of the animal sprinkled upon them9 or poured over the mercy seat of the Ark of the Covenant; they were never completely submerged in blood (thank goodness).
The Greek word for baptism (baptizo) has a much broader range of meaning (semantic range) than the tightly defined “to immerse.” Now, most certainly, “to immerse” is a valid translation, but so is “to wash,” “to dip,” “to sprinkle,” “to suffuse,” or “to pour.” The simple point is that what was meant by the term, baptizo, is not precisely clear to us today. Perhaps people were immersed completely, or perhaps they waded out into the water and then had the water sprinkled or poured over their heads. We are not sure. In fact, the only baptism in the New Testament that mentions the type of mode explicitly is the Baptism of the Holy Spirit in which the Spirit is poured over the church at Pentecost.10
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