American Independence had only been declared in 1776 and the nation was a melting pot of old and new settlers. This meant that certain themes for novels would have specific readerships. To write something that captured the ‘American’ imagination more generally was a tall order.
As a consequence of this, Hawthorne retreated into an imagined world of extremes with his literature. Other American writers, such as Edgar Allan Poe, were doing similar things in their attempts to emerge as novelists. The Scarlet Letter is set in pre-independent America, so that it carries a sense of history and legacy, as well as it being an allegorical tale about the moral fortitude of American founders.
In fact, it also criticizes the enemy, the English, as the central characters plan to escape their tormentors by travelling across the Atlantic to a new life free from persecution. This is clearly a statement suggesting that England is a place of refuge because it is relatively iniquitous. As it goes, that was quite true by definition, for the majority of early American settlers had travelled to the New World precisely because they wished to establish colonies run by firm religious regime, away from those who lacked the suitable fibre. What they hadn’t reckoned on was that society naturally comprises a spectrum of personality types whatever the intended societal ethos, as a result of nature and nurture. So, there will always be subversive individuals, who cannot and will not adhere to mores, conventions and orthodoxies imposed upon them by others.
Table of Contents
The Custom-House: Introductory to ‘The Scarlet Letter’
Classic Literature: Words and Phrases
The Custom-House: Introductory to ‘The Scarlet Letter’
It is a little remarkable, that – though disinclined to talk overmuch of myself and my affairs at the fireside, and to my personal friends – an autobiographical impulse should twice in my life have taken possession of me, in addressing the public. The first time was three or four years since, when I favoured the reader – inexcusably, and for no earthly reason that either the indulgent reader or the intrusive author could imagine – with a description of my way of life in the deep quietude of an Old Manse. And now – because, beyond my deserts, I was happy enough to find a listener or two on the former occasion – I again seize the public by the button, and talk of my three years’ experience in a Custom-House. The example of the famous ‘P.P., Clerk of this Parish,’ was never more faithfully followed. The truth seems to be, however, that when he casts his leaves forth upon the wind, the author addresses, not the many who will fling aside his volume, or never take it up, but the few who will understand him better than most of his school-mates or life-mates. Some authors, indeed, do far more than this, and indulge themselves in such confidential depths of revelation as could fittingly be addressed only and exclusively to the one heart and mind of perfect sympathy; as if the printed book, thrown at large on the wide world, were certain to find out the divided segment of the writer’s own nature, and complete his circle of existence by bringing him into communion with it. It is scarcely decorous, however, to speak all, even where we speak impersonally. But, as thoughts are frozen and utterance benumbed, unless the speaker stand in some true relation with his audience, it may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and apprehensive, though not the closest friend, is listening to our talk; and then, a native reserve being thawed by this genial consciousness, we may prate of the circumstances that lie around us, and even of ourself, but still keep the inmost Me behind its veil. To this extent, and within these limits, an author, methinks, may be autobiographical, without violating either the reader’s rights or his own.
It will be seen, likewise, that this Custom-House sketch has a certain propriety, of a kind always recognised in literature, as explaining how a large portion of the following pages came into my possession, and
