Central Questions
Finding Different Perspectives About Your Idea
Developing the Logic of Your Argument
10 The Introduction Section
Introducing the Topic
Different Approaches to Starting the Introduction
How to Begin
Reviewing What Others Have Already Done
Reasons for Reviewing the Literature
Clarifying Terms in the Research
Introducing Your Research: Generating a Hypothesis
11 The Method Section
Participants and Subjects
Materials and Apparatus
Procedure
Design
12 The Results Section
Providing a Good Ending
Your Hypotheses
Deciding What to Present
Reporting Significant and Nonsignificant Results
Marginally Significant Effects
APA Style and Presentation of Your Results
Creating Tables
Creating Figures
The Connection Between the Text and the Tables and Figures
The Difference Between Results and Discussion Sections
Some Final Points About Presenting Results
13 The Discussion Section
Summarizing Your Results
Connecting Different Aspects of Your Results
Dealing With Nonsignificant Results
Comparing Your Results With Those of Others
State the Importance and Implications of Your Results
Acknowledging the Limitations of Your Study
14 References
Purpose of the References Section
Citing References in the Text
Order of Citations in the Reference List
Using Your Word Processing Program to Create the Citation
Examples of How Different Types of References Should Be Laid Out in a Reference List
Examples of Different Types of Citations in the Reference List
15 Final Touches
The Abstract
Formatting Details
11 Part III: Communicating Beyond the Research Paper 16 Creating Poster Presentations Differentiating Visual and Written Communication Reducing the Amount of Information Visual Style Your Behavior: The Ethic of a Poster Session Creating Your Poster Using PowerPoint 17 Giving Oral Presentations The Difference Between Oral and Written English Adapting APA Style to Oral Presentations Preparing for Your Talk Creating Graphics for Your Presentation Giving the Presentation 18 Presenting Your Work on the Internet New Capabilities with Internet Publication Using a Word Processor to Create Manuscripts for the Internet Advantages of Internet Publishing Software Publishing Your Poster on the Web Uploading Your Manuscript to the Internet 19 Submitting Your Plan to an Ethics Committee Ethical Standards in Research Writing a Proposal for an Institutional Review Board for Research With Human Subjects Writing a Proposal for the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) for Animal Research
12 Appendix A: Example of APA‐Style Manuscript with Common Errors
13 Appendix B: Corrected APA‐Style Manuscript
14 References
15 Author
