corpuscular volumeMDD:Major depressive disorderMDI:Metered dose inhalerMGF:Maternal grandfatherMGM:Maternal grandmotherMI:Myocardial infarction or motivational interviewingMMSE:Mini‐Mental State ExaminationMoCA:Montreal Cognitive AssessmentMRI:Magnetic resonance imagingMRSA:Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureusMSSA:Methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureusMSU:Monosodium urateMTP:Metatarsophalangeal (joint)MVI:Multiple vitaminNAAT:Nucleic acid amplification testNAD:No apparent distressNAPNAP:National Association of Pediatric Nurse PractitionersNARES:Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndromeNIAAA:National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNICU:Neonatal intensive care unitNIDA:National Institute on Drug AbuseNKDA:No known drug allergiesNKFA:No known food allergiesNOF:National Osteoporosis FoundationNP:Nurse practitionerNPH:Normal pressure hydrocephalusNSAID:Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugNSTEMI:Non‐ST elevation myocardial infarctionNSVD:Normal spontaneous vaginal deliveryNT/ND:Nontender/nondistendedOA:OsteoarthritisO2 sat:Oxygen saturationOCP:Oral contraceptive pillODD:Oppositional defiant disorderOGTT:Oral glucose tolerance testOP:OsteoporosisOSA:Obstructive sleep apneaOTC:Over‐the‐counter (medication)OUD:Opioid use disorderPAD:Peripheral artery diseasePCOS:Polycystic ovarian syndromePCR:Polymerase chain reactionPDA:Patent ductus arteriosusPE:Pulmonary embolismPEG:Polyethylene glycolPEP:Post‐exposure prophylaxisPERRLA:Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodationPGF:Paternal grandfatherPGM:Paternal grandmotherPH/G:Pubic hair/gonadsPHN:Postherpetic neuralgiaPHQ:Patient Health QuestionnairePID:Pelvic inflammatory diseasePIP:Proximal interphalangeal (joint)PLP:Phantom limb painPMDD:Premenstrual dysphoric disorderPMR:Polymyalgia rheumaticaPMS:Premenstrual syndromePNE:Primary nocturnal enuresisPPD:Postpartum depressionPPI:Proton pump inhibitorPRN:As neededPSI:Pneumonia Severity IndexPTSD:Post‐traumatic stress disorderPVD:Peripheral vascular diseaseQD:Once dailyRAI:Radionucleotide uptake scan with iodineRED‐S:Relative energy deficiency in sportsREM:Rapid eye movementRICE:Rest, ice, compression, and elevationROS:Review of systemsRR:Respiratory rateRRR:Regular rate and rhythmRSV:Respiratory syncytial virusRUQ:Right upper quadrantSAFE‐T:Suicide Assessment Five‐Step Evaluation and TriageSAMHSA:Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationSANE:Sexual assault nurse examinerSART:Sexual assault response teamSBHC:School‐based health centerSBIRT:Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for TreatmentSEM:Systolic ejection murmurSERM:Selective estrogen receptor modulatorSGA:Small for gestational ageSIB:Self‐injurious behaviorSJS:Stevens‐Johnson SyndromeSLE:Systemic lupus erythematosusSM:Stroke mimicSNRI:Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitorSSP:Syringe services programSSRI:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorSTI:Sexually transmitted infectionSUD:Substance use disorderSWS:Slow‐wave sleepTANF:Temporary Assistance for Needy FamiliesTBI:Traumatic brain injury or toe brachial indexTBSA:Total body surface areaTCA:Tricyclic antidepressantTEN:Toxic epidermal necrosisTENS:Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulationTM:Tympanic membraneTPO:Antithydroperoxidase antibodyTRAb:Thyrotropin receptor antibodyTRUS:Transrectal ultrasoundTSH:Thyroid‐stimulating hormonetTG:Tissue transglutaminaseTTN:Transient tachypnea of the newbornTTP:Tenderness to palpationULT:Urate‐lowering therapyURI:Upper respiratory infectionUSPSTF:U.S. Preventive Services Task ForceUTI:Urinary tract infectionVA:Veterans AdministrationVCF:Vertebral compression fractureVCUG:Voiding cystourethrographyVDRL:Venereal disease research laboratoryVZV:Varicella zoster virusWBC:White blood cellWHI:Women’s Health InitiativeWIC:Women, Infants, and Children Supplemental Nutrition Program
Case 1.1 Cardiovascular Screening Exam
By Mikki Meadows‐Oliver, PhD, RN, FAAN
SUBJECTIVE
Justin, a 10‐day‐old male, presents in the primary care office for a weight check. He is accompanied by his parents. His mother is concerned about his feeding habits. She believes that he takes awhile to drink his formula—longer than his siblings did; she also thinks that he sweats more than they did, even when he doesn’t feel warm.
Birth history: Significant for a 36‐week gestation. His birth weight was 2600 grams. Because of his premature birth, Justin required hospitalization for the first week of life in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). During his stay in the NICU, he was noted to feed without problems, maintain his temperature without assistance, and gain weight. His weight at discharge from the hospital 3 days ago was 2400 grams. Because of his premature birth status and his decreased weight, the family was told to follow up with their primary care provider in 3 days.
In the office today, his weight is 2490 grams. Further questioning about Justin’s birth history reveals that the mother’s pregnancy was normal. She had no infections, falls, or known exposures to environmental hazards. She did not drink alcohol, take prescription medication (other than prenatal vitamins), use tobacco products, or use illicit drugs. During labor, she experienced a failure to progress, which resulted in her having a cesarean birth. The baby’s Apgar scores were 8 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes.
Social history: Justin was born to a single, 29‐year‐old mother. His father is involved but does not reside in the household. Justin lives in an apartment with his mother and two other siblings (ages 2 and 4 years). The maternal grandmother (MGM) lives nearby and is able to help Justin’s mother provide care. The family receives several governmental subsidies such as the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Supplemental Nutrition Program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and Medicaid. Educationally, Justin’s mother has a high school diploma. She works in a local retail store. Justin’s father works in a manufacturing plant. The family has no pets. The MGM smokes but does not smoke in the home.
Diet: Breastfeeding ad lib with supplementation of a milk‐based formula.
Elimination: 6–8 wet diapers daily with 3–4 yellow, seedy bowel movements.
Sleep: Sleeps between feedings.
Family medical history: PGF (age 54): diabetes mellitus, heart attack at age 50; PGM (age 53): healthy; MGF: deceased from stroke at age 47; MGM (age 54): asthma; mother (age 29): asthma; father (age 31): healthy; Sibling #1 (age 4): asthma; Sibling #2 (age 2): heart murmur.
Medications: Currently taking no prescription, herbal, or OTC medications.
Allergies: No known allergies to food, medications, or
