The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Carol A. Chapelle
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Natural Language Processing and Language Learning
NLP and the Analysis of Learner Language
NLP and the Analysis of Native Language for Learners
References
Suggested Readings
Needs Analysis
A Rationale for Needs Analysis
Units of Analysis in NA
Stage 1 of a Task‐Based NA: Identifying Target Tasks
Stage 2 of a Task‐Based NA: Analysis of Target Discourse
From NA to Syllabus
References
Suggested Readings
Needs Analysis and Syllabus Design for Language for Specific Purposes
Introduction
The Role and Importance of Needs Analysis
Trends in Scope and Methods
From Needs Analysis to Specification of Syllabus Content
The Role of Theory
Issues in Needs Analysis
Conclusion
References
New Literacies of Online Research and Comprehension
Literacy as