– Presence, Position, Pathology
Presence looks at what teeth are present in the mouth.
Position looks at the position of the teeth, such as impacted teeth, rotated teeth, or palatally/buccally displaced teeth.
Pathology looks at the health of the teeth, for instance any caries that could be present which would necessitate fillings. This area can also highlight any dental health problems, for example any recession, erosion, gum disease, or even gingivitis that a patient may have; it is important to identify this prior to treatment to make sure it is fully under control. Any more underlying problems found around the apical area of a tooth can be identified by the use of appropriate radiographs.
2.3.10 SSC – Size, Shape, Colour
This stage looks at the size, shape, and colour of all teeth, for example:Microdontia: small teethMacrodontia: big teethPeg lateralsTrauma to teeth resulting in nerve death and causing discoloration of the teeth.
2.3.11 Temporal Mandibular Joint
This stage assesses the jaw.
Does the patient have any problems with the temporal mandibular joint on opening and closing?
Has the patient reported any symptoms?
Do they experience any clicking or pain?
3 Classification of Malocclusion
Classification of malocclusion looks at the position of the teeth when the patient is in occlusion. These classifications look at the relationship of how the molars, incisors, and canines meet.
They are categorized into three groups:
Angle’s classification
British Standards Institute classification
Canine relationship.
3.1 Angle’s Classification
Developed by Edward Angle in 1899, this type of classification looks at the antero‐posterior position of the first permanent molars, known as the molar relationship.
Class I: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes in the buccal groove of the lower first molar (Figure 3.1).
Class II: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes anterior to the buccal groove of the lower first molar (Figure 3.2).
Class III: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes posterior to the buccal groove of the lower first molar (Figure 3.3).
Class II25: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes one‐quarter anterior to the buccal groove of the lower first molar.
Class II50: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes half a unit anterior to the buccal groove of the lower first molar (cusp to cusp with the lower first molar).
Class II75: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes three‐quarters anterior to the buccal groove of the lower first molar (not a full unit class II).
Class III25: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes one‐quarter posterior to the buccal groove of the lower first molar.
Class III50: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes half a unit posterior to the buccal groove of the lower first molar (cusp to cusp with the lower second molar).
Class III75: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes three‐quarters posterior to the buccal groove of the lower first molar (not a full unit class III).
Figure 3.1 Class I molar relationship.
Figure 3.2 Class II molar relationship.
Figure 3.3 Class III molar relationship.
3.2 British Standards Institute Classification
This type of classification looks at the incisor relationship.
Class I: the lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors (Figure 3.4).
Class II div I: the lower incisor edges occlude posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors. The upper central incisors are proclined and there is an increase in the overjet (Figure 3.5).
Class II div II: the lower incisors edges occlude posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors. The upper central incisors are retroclined and there is a reduced or increased overjet (Figure 3.6). A common feature is proclined lateral incisors.
Class III: the lower incisor edges occlude anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors. The overjet is reduced or reversed (Figure 3.7).
Figure 3.4 Incisor relationship class I.
3.3 Canine Relationship
This
